the inner ear and vertigo

Question 1

where does the cochlea process info about movement and chnages in sound?

Answer 1

in lymph picked up by hair cells which is transduced into electrical signals (neurotransmitters) through the vestibular and cranial nerve and enters the brain.

Question 1

what part of trhe inner ear correspond with lateral, horizontal and transverse planes of movement

Answer 1

semicircular canals:
* anterior
* lateral
* posterior

Question 2

what are the utricle and saccule?

Answer 2

the two otolith organs in the vertebrate inner ear.

Question 3

what is the otoconia?

Answer 3

Calcium carbonate crystals- more dense than the otolithic membrane

Question 4

what is the otolithic membrane

Answer 4

Movement of the otoconia send information to the brain that there is movement

Question 5

what is sound?

Answer 5

Sound= mechanical force and is transduced into chemical and electrical signals.

Question 6

what is the structure of the utricle and saccule?

Answer 6

• hair tuft
• hair cell
• support cell
• otoconia
• otolithic membrane
• nerve fibres of the vestibular division of the cranial nerve

Question 7

how many paris of nerves are in the human body?

Answer 7

43

Question 8

how many pairts of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 8

12

Question 9

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 9

31

Question 10

what are the 3 clinical conditions that affect the inner ear?

Answer 10

• tinnitus
• labrynthitis
• vertigo

Question 11

what is labrynthitis?

Answer 11

inflammation/ infection of the labyrinth

Question 12

what are the causes of labrynthitis?

Answer 12

dizziness, nausea, vertigo, loss hearing

Question 13

what are the treatments of labrynthitis?

Answer 13

medication to control the symptoms, warm olive oil in the ear.

Question 14

what is tinnitus?

Answer 14

no soundwaves coming into the ear but can still hear it

Question 15

what are the causes of tinnitus?

Answer 15

Loud sounds, Old age, Regeneration of the vestibular system

Question 16

what are the symptoms of tinnitus?

Answer 16

ringing, roaring, buzzing, hissing, clicking noises

Question 17

what are the treatments of tinnitus?

Answer 17

hearing aids, maskers, cochlear implants, medications, counselling, relaxation. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy- train the brain to compensate for inner ear balance issues.

Question 18

what is vertigo?

Answer 18

inflammation of the vestibular system, spinning sensation.

Question 19

what are trhe causes of vertigo?

Answer 19

head injury, ageing, inner ear disorder

Question 20

what are the treatments of vertigo?

Answer 20

range of positional manoeuvres that aim to move the crystals out of the semi-circular canal of the inner ear. In extreme cases, surgery can be carried out. Short term motion sickness medication can be given.

Question 21

what are chronic conditions?

Answer 21

long-term

Question 22

what are acute conditions?

Answer 22

short-term

Question 23

what are somatosensory illusions and hallucinations?

Answer 23

Hallucinations are a perception not based on sensory input, whereas illusions are a misinterpretation of a correct sensory input.

Question 24

give some examples of somatosensory illusions and hallucinations?

Answer 24

• Feelings of warmth/cold
  
  • Skin tightening
  • Formication
  • Phantom Limbs- illusion with amputees.
  • Presence of others
  • Rubber Hand illusion - we take on the rubber hand and believe that we feeling the same things as what is happening to the rubber hand.