The inflammatory response and fever Flashcards
what are the three parts of the inflammatory response
initiation, vasodilation and migration
what is the inflammatory response
inflammation results in increased blood flow to an injured area, increasing the number of immune cells and components to assist in fighting pathogens that have entered the body
initiation of the inflammatory response
damage to cells and introduction of pathogens into the body. damaged cells release cytokines which causes mast cells to degranulate, releasing histamines
what is vasoldilation
blood vessels widen, increasing blood flow to the injury site as well as the formation of gaps in the vessel wall
what do gaps in the vessel wall cause
increased permeability, allowing for cells of the immune system to to move out of the capillary and into the tissue
what causes vasodilation
histamines secreted by the mast cells travel to nearby blood vessels and bind to a specific receptors causing vasodilation
migratiion
cells of the innate immune system leave the blood stream and enter the site of injury, phagocytes are guided by cytokines to the site of injury, complement proteins are attracted to pathogens and make it easier for phagocytes to destroy them
fever
when the body resets the core body temperature above the normal homeostatic level
what is the purpose of fever
fights of pathogen by raising the temperature to create a hostile environment for the pathogen where it cannot reproduce/grow as well
what are the symptoms of fever
shivering which produces extra heat to raaise body temp
what causes fever
can be a direct stimulation of the hypothalamus by the break down products of bacteria/viruses or can be triggered by the release of cytokines from phagocytees
where are IgE found
plasma cells will produce antibodies, some will be IgE antinodies, they will travel around the body and stick on a mast cell
what causes an allergic reaction
cross link - where an allergen attched to two IgE antibodies on the mast cell at the same time.
what is the effect of cross linkage
the mast cells will quickly release histamines and other chemicals that cause an allergic response
how does someone become allergic to something
when first exposed to the allergen, it acts like an antigen and triggers an immune response, this causes IgE antibodies specific to the allergen to be made (only if you are alllergic, otherwise IgG antibodies will be made). mast cells then have receptors on their surface that IgE can bind to.
