The Inflammatory Response

Question 1

What is the inflammatory response?

Answer 1

A sequential reaction to cell injury

Question 2

Describe a person who is neutropenic.

Answer 2

They are unable to mount an inflammatory response

Question 3

Name the stages of the inflammatory response

Answer 3

Vascular response
Cellular response
Exudate formation
Healing

Question 4

Describe the vascular response

Answer 4

-Temporary vasoconstriction

-After release of histamine etc the vessels dilate

• Hyperemia results after vasodilation
• capillary permeability because of endothelial retraction
• movement of exudate (fluid) into interstitial space

Question 5

Describe the cellular response

Answer 5

-Fluid moves from the vessels into interstitial space (extravasating)

Types of extravasation: margination, transmigration, chemotaxis then phagocytosis.

Margination- adherence of leukocytes to endothelial cell lining

Transmigration- movement via diapedesis ( pseudopodia extending through cell wall)

Chemotaxis- unidirectional attraction of leukocytes in tissue space guided by bacteria presence

• White blood cells move to the site of inflammation to fight pathogens and then phagocytosis occurs

Question 6

Describe serous exudate, and when it occurs.

Answer 6

Fluid that has low cell and protein content; seen in mild injury, early inflammation

Question 7

Describe catarrhal exudate and when it occurs, and example.

Answer 7

Exudate consisting of mucus, found in cells that produce mucus, eg runny nose

Question 8

Describe fibrinous exudate and give example

Answer 8

Fibrinogen leaking into tissue spaces, occurs because of increasing vascular permeability, eg. boil, abscess, cellulitis

Question 9

Describe hemorrhagic exudate and give examples

Answer 9

Results from rupture or necrosis of blood vessel walls; RBC’s that escape into tissue eg. hematoma

Question 10

Name the manifestations of inflammation

Answer 10

Redness (rubor)
Heat (color)
Pain (dolor)
Swelling (tumor)
Loss of function (functio laesa)

Question 11

Describe the systemic manifestations of inflammation

Answer 11

Leukocytosis with a shift to the left, malaise, nausea, anorexia, increased pulse and respiratory rate, fever