The Industrial Manufacture Of Chemicals Flashcards
How is ammonia made?
Nitrogen and hydrogen.
Where does the nitrogen come from?
The air
Where does the hydrogen come from?
Natural gas or cracking of hydrocarbons.
Conditions for Haber Process?
450C
200atm
Iron
Why are the products of the Haber process sent through a cooling mechanism?
At this temperature you can condense ammonia but not hydrogen or nitrogen.
What happens to the left over nitrogen and hydrogen?
Recycled by the reactor.
Why is ammonia put into fertilisers?
It contains nitrate ions which plants need to make amino acids and proteins.
Ammonia + oxygen?
NH3 + 2O2 -> HNO3 + H20
What are the raw materials in the manufacture of sulphuric acid?
Sulphur and oxygen.
Where are sulphur and oxygen found?
Sulphur - rocks and some natural gases.
Oxygen - the air.
Write down the equations for each of the stages of the contact process?
S + 02 -> S02
SO2 + O2 -> 2SO3
SO3 + H20 -> H2SO4
Conditions for contact process?
450C
1-2atm
Vanadium oxide
Uses of sulphuric acid?
Fertilisers, detergents, paints.
How is sulphuric acid used in detergents?
Sulphonate products.
How is sulphuric acid used in fertilisers?
It reacts to make phosphates soluble to plants.
