the impact of sport on society Flashcards
socialisation
a lifelong process where members of a society learn its norms, values, ideas practices and roles in order to take their place in that society
society
an organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest
2 main parts of socialisation
- primary
- secondary
primary socialisaton
early years of childhood, mainly by the immediate family
secondary socialisation
socialisation through teen years, mostly in school by peer groups and friends
social control
attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behavior
social change
an alteration in the social order of a society
social issues
problems that affect many people within a society
social inequality
the unfair situation where resources or opportunities are distributed unevenly within a society
causes of inequality within sport
- lack of money/cost of participating
- lack of confidence/self-esteem
- lack of role models to aspire to
- myths or sterotypes in some sections of society about capabilites e.g. of women, ethnic minorities and disabled people
social stratification
type of sicual inequality where society is divided into different levels on the basis of a social characteristic such as wealth or status
social stratification system in sport
continues to be visible in sport with a number of groups of society being identified by Sport England as under-represented in terms of sports involvement e.g. low social class groups
social action theory
a way of viewing socialisation, emphasising social action, suggests that the formation and maintenance of a societyhinges upon social interaction and following this suggestion sport can have a positive impact on society
prejudice
to form an unfavourable opinion of an individual based on inadequete facts
discrimination
the unfair treatment of a erson or, minority group, making a distinction based off prejudice
stereotyping
making simple generalisations about all members of a group which allows others to categorise and treat them accordingly
2 types of discrimination
- overt discrimination: visible/ obvious (e.g. verbal abuse)
- covert discrimination: hidden/less obvious (e.g. non-selection of a player based off prejudice)
main barriers to participation
remember: TIME
- time
- income
- motivation- influenced by stereotypes and esteem
- education
3 main groups most affected by barriers to participation
- women
- disabled people
- ethnic minorities
common barriers to disabled people in sport (6)
- negative self image/lack of confidence
- low income levels
- lack of access in and around facilities
- lack of organised programs
- low levels of media coverage
- lack of specialist coaches/ clubs/ equipment
- myths/stereotypes about capabilities of those with disabilities
solution to common barriers to participation for disabled people in sport (8)
- provide more opportunities for success e.g. paraolympics
- increased invesment- subsidise it
- provide transport to facilities and improve access
- improved technology
- increased media coverage
- train specialist coaches, provide specialist equipment and leagues
- educate people on stereotypes/ myths
- provide accessible sports in school
2 programmes concentrated on impriving participation of disabled people in sport
- activity alliance
- sport england
examples of racism in sport
- stacking (disproportionate amount of ethnic minorities in certain positions in sport, usually due to stereotypes about their physcial/mental abilities)
- channelling (enthnic minorities pushed away from certain sports into others based off stereotypes)
possible barriers to participation faced by ethnic minorities (6)
- conflict with religious/cultural observations
- higher value placed on other aspects of life
- fear of racism
- fewer role models
- fear of rejection
-stereotyping/channelling
possible solutions to participation faced by ethnic minorities (6)
- train more coaches that represent and can be role models
- provide single sex rovision for cultural observations
- name and shame any racist incidents and serverly punish
- Ensure rules in school don’t provide a barrier, e.g. kit rules
- organise compaigns
barriers to participation for women in sport (8)
- stereotyes on role in society
- less media coverage- less role models
- fewer sponseship opportunities
- negative impact of PE in school, pushed into ‘girly’ sports
- lack of self esteem
- lack of lesuire time due to extra childcare responsibilities
- lack of disposable income
- fewer leagues/competitions/clubs
possible solutions to gender inequalities in sport
- sex discrimination rules/ laws
- work to remove gender stereotypes in home and society
- increase media coverage
- increased sponseship
- improved pe program
- more clubs/leagues
- childcare facilities
health benefits of raising participation (5)
- decreased risk of heart disease
- lowered blood pressure
- lowered risk of type 2 diabetes
- lowered risk of obesity
- improved mental health
social benefits of raising participation
- raise levels of endorphns so better mental health in society, work better, less sick days
- less ilness from obesity, e.g. cardidovascular disease putting less strain on NHS
- overall healthier, happier sociaty leads to harder working
national partners of sort england
- activity alliance- disabled sport
- sporting equals- promote sport for BME (black and ethnic minorities
- women in sport
- street games- sport for disadvangtaged communities
what does sport england and its local partners do (8)
- develop clubs allowing more people to participate
- develop coaches improving performance
- education programmes increasing awareness of health
- equality targetted campaigns
- develop more facilities
- funding and support for grassroots
- marketing
- safeguarding for clubs
social processes
forms of social interaction between individuals and groups which occur again and again
interactionist approach
- the study of how individuals behave within a society
- stresses that people have an active role in shaping society
- sport can have an impact on society and vice versa
how sport effects society
- highlights inequalities between social classes
- influences our ideas about masculinity and femininity
- influences our ideas about race or ethnicity (e.g negatively through racist chants aimed at players)
- influences our ideas about disability (e.g positively through Paralympics)
- contributes to our sense of national pride
- targets problems like unemployment, crime and inequalities and it increases understanding of cultural differences
overt discrimination against disabilities
highly visible and could occur when verbal abuse is aimed at individuals with a disablility
covert discrimination against disabilities
harder to uncover and might occur when voting for their annual captain and their negative stereotypes influence them against voting for a disabled player
stacking
- the disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in certain positions in a sports team
- tends to be based on the stereotype that they are more valuable for their physicality than their decision-making and communication qualities
channelling
ethnic minorities may be pushed into certain sports and even certain positions within a team, based on assumptions about them
health benefits of participation in sport
- decreased risk of heart disease and stroke
- avoidance of high/low blood pressure
- decreased risk of type 2 diabetes
- decreased risk of obesity.
- stronger bones and decreased risk of osteoporosis
- better mental health less risk of anxiety or depression
- improved posture/body shape
- improved cardiovascular endurance
- improved flexibility
- improved speed
aims of sport england
- Increase physical well-being
- Increase mental well-being
- Increase individual development
- Increase social and community development
- Increase economic development
key principles of sport england
- Focusing more money to tackle inactivity
- Investing more in children to build positive attitudes
- Helping those currently active to carry on participating
- Helping sport to become more inclusive
- Encouraging innovation
