The Immune System Flashcards
What is the role of the immune system?
To protect the body from pathogens, bacteria and viruses internally
What patrols the body circulating in our blood?
White blood cells
What are the names of the two different type of white blood cells?
Lymphocytes
Phagocytes
What do the anti-toxins and antibodies that lymphocytes produce do?
Anti-toxins= neutralise toxins made by pathogens
Antibodies=bind to the antigens of a pathogen only if it fits. Both stop viruses from infecting cells and cause them to clump
What do lymphocytes produce?
-anti-toxins
-anti-bodies
What do phagocytes do?
Phagocytes ingest pathogen and destroy them
How does the human body gain immunity?
Once the correct antibody is found (right fit) T cells store it in Lyme nodes for next time
What does a vaccine do?
Vaccine introduces dead/ inert (unreactive) versions of a virus into your body so you can gain immunity without getting ill.
What is a pathogen?
A virus, fungus, bacteria or protist that cause communicable disease
What are the human bodies two defence systems that protect it against pathogens?
-Physical and chemical barriers
-Immune system
How does skin act as a physical barrier
Skin secretes oils (antimicrobial substances) that kill pathogens that rest on it
How do pathogen enter the body?
Through the nose and mouth
How are the mouth and nose adapted to prevent pathogens from entering?
Nose= adapted will lots of little hairs and mucus that traps pathogens or other particles trying to enter through the air
Mouth= enters via trachea or oesophagus. Trachea, bronchial and bronchi have layer of mucus to trap pathogens
Why are the trachea, bronchial and bronchi lined with cilia?
To shift mucus to prevent build up and move it to the back of the throat to be swallowed
How is the stomach adapted to stop pathogens?
Produces hydrochloric acid, brings ph to 2 (very acidic) and it kills most pathogens
