DNA Flashcards
What is DNA made up of?
-Nucleotides
What do nucleotides consist of?
-one sugar molecule
-phosphate group
-one base
One of the four bases join to reach sugar. What are they?
-A= adenine
-C=cytosine
-G=guanine
-T= Thymine
What is the shape of DNA?
Double Helix (two strands coiled together)
Each base links to a base on the opposite strand in the helix which pairs with which?
A (adenine) always with T (thymine)
C (cytosine) always with G (guanine)
How are complimentary base pairings joined together?
Weak hydrogen bonds
What is the first step needs for extracting DNA from a fruit?
Mash the fruit up and put it in a beaker containing a solution of detergent and salt and mix well
What does the detergent in the solution for extracting DNA do?
Breaks down the cell membrane so the DNA can be released
What does the salt in the solution for extracting DNA do?
Makes the DNA stick together so it’s easier to extract
How do you remove the froth and big insoluble bits of cell out of the solution when extracting DNA?
By filtering the mixture
What is the the next step for extracting DNA after you have filtered the mixture?
Add ice cold alcohol
What does the ice cold DNA do and why?
Causes DNA to come out of the solution as DNA is insoluble in ice cold alcohol
How will the DNA appear after adding ice cold alcohol (extraction of DNA)?
It will look like stringy, white precipitate (solid)
What would you use to fish the DNA out of the solution in the last step of extracting DNA?
A glass rose can be used to fish the DNA out of
