Specialised Cells Flashcards
What are three examples of specialised cells within an animal?
Sperm cells, Muscle cells, Nerve cells
What are three examples of specialised cells within a plant?
Root hair cell, Phloem cell, Xylem cell
What is the role of a sperm cell?
To deliver genetic material to an egg cell in order to fertilise it
How are sperm cells nucleus adapted for fertilisation?
Has half genetic information in nucleus as it must combine with eggs genetic material to become a full set of genetic information
What is the sperm’s flagellum and what does it do?
The flagellum acts like a tail allowing the sperm cell to swim through the uterus and fallopian tube to reach the egg
Why does a sperm cell have a lot of Mitochondria?
The sperm cell has lots of Mitochondria in the middle section to provide energy for respiration
What is the name of the structure in the head of the sperm and how is it adapted?
The Acrosome stores digestive hormones used to break a hole into the egg cell once the sperm reaches it
What are the 3 key features of specialised cells?
1) They have a specific role within the body 2) To fulfil that role they have a special shape or structure 3) Specific amounts of different organelles
What are the key features of Eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic are complex (multicellular), have a nucleus and are bigger than prokaryotic
What are the key features of Prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic are smaller than eukaryotic, simpler (single celled organism) and have no nucleus
Examples of Eukaryotic cells?
All plant and animal cells
Example of Prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria cells
Name all the sub cellular structures and roles within an animal cell?
Nucleus= where DNA and genetic material is stored which controls activities of the cell, Cytoplasm= where chemical reactions take place, Cell membrane= controls what goes in and out the cell, Mitochondria= where energy is released by respiration, Ribosomes= where protein synthesis takes place
Name all the additional sub cellular structures in a plant cell?
Plant cells have the same as the animal cell plus: Chloroplast= where photosynthesis occurs, Cell wall= makes cellulose and strengthens and supports the cell, Large Vacuole= contains cell sap (mixture of sugars, water and salt)
Describe the sub cellular structures in a bacterial cell?
Basics: cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes and cytoplasm, Circular strand of DNA= floats free in cytoplasm controls cells activities and replication, Plasmids= carry extra genes for things like antibiotic resistance, Flagella= propels bacteria along towards nutrients/oxygen and away from toxins
