The IED model

Question 1

What does the IED in the IED model stand for?

Answer 1

• I = Involvement
• E = Engagement
• D = Disengagement

Question 2

What is the right question to ask according to John Horgan?

Answer 2

• The right one is: HOW did you become a terrorist?
• The wrong is: WHY did you become a terrorist?
• They probably do not know themselves why they did, but it is possible for them try explain the path they followed there.

Question 3

What is the difference between involvement and engagement in the IED model?

Answer 3

• Involvement is if you somehow provide help for the organisation, but are not engaged as such. You might do some practical work. If you are engaged you take an active part, you work to reach the ideological goal, you participate actively and do killings.

Question 4

What is disengagement, and how does it differ from deradicalization?

Answer 4

• Disengagement means that you are no longer neither involved nor engaged in the organisation. Maybe because you are in prison, are dead or have for some other reason stopped participating. It does NOT however, mean, that you are necessarily deradicalized, that you have stopped believing in the ideology of the organization. You might for instance be in prison, so you are not able to participate, but you are still radicalized in your mind.
• Oppositly, you might also have stopped believing the ideology of the group but not dare to leave, because you fear the consequences. You can also work as an informant. Then you are deradicalized, but not disengaged.

Question 5

What is the four phases in the “circle of terrorism” according to John Horgan?

Answer 5

• Decision and search activity
  Preterrorist activity
• Event execution
• Postevent activity and strategic analysis

Question 6

What happens in the decision and search activity phase in John Horgans theory?

Answer 6

• In the decision and search activity phase, the terrorist organisation decides on a target, a certain group of people to attack. They decide this based on their ideology. The attack must have a certain message to give, based on the ideology of the organization.
• For instance the xxxx attack where the message was xxx

Question 7

What happens in the preterrorist and activity phase according to John Horgan?

Answer 7

• In this phase the right means are chosen and the right people to perform the attack is picked. Often the interned is used to find instructions on how to make the weapons.
• Remember: It is important to be very professional to become a terrorist.

Question 8

What happens in the event execution phase according to John Horgan?

Answer 8

• In this phase, the group is ready to perform the attack. The weapons have to be assembled in case of a bomb, and they have to be left in strategic places. Especially in the case of explosives, this phase is very complicated.
• The surroundings have to be controlled
• In order to control the adrenalin flow, it is important to have a strong and well-prpared group and much control of the surroundings.

Question 9

What happens in the postevent activity and strategic analysis phase?

Answer 9

• In this phase, the attack have been performed. If it is not a suicide attack that, the terrorists have to escape and the weapons, cars, phones and other remidies used have to be gotten rid of.

Question 10

Is John Horgans four phases part of the involvement, engagement or disengagement phase?

Answer 10

• The four steps iis what happens in the incvolvement and engagement phase. Only after this comes the disengagement phase.

Question 11

Is it possible to join a terrorist organization without being radicalized according to John Horgan?

Answer 11

• Yes. You might just follow a brother, friend or a boyfriend/girlfriend.
• They might also just want to do something “big” but do not actually believe in the ideology of the organization .

Question 12

Is it possible to be radicalized without being a terrorist?

Answer 12

• Yes. You can believe in the terrorist ideology, but never join the organization or perform an attack.