The Hungry Animal: Motives to Eat Flashcards
(23 cards)
Define: motivation
an inferred process within a person or animal that causes movement…
- toward a goal
- away from an undesirable situation
Define: intrinsic motivation
-pursuit of an activity for its own sake
Define: extrinsic motivation
-pursuit of an activity for external rewards
Fat people are ________ emotionally disturbed than average-weight people.
-no more or no less
Define: set-point
- genetically influence weight range for an individual
- maintained by biological mechanisms that regulate food intake, metabolism, fat reserves
Everyone has a genetically programmed ____________.
-basal metabolic rate
Define: basal metabolic rate
- rate at which body burns calories for energy
- and a fixed number of fat cells
Define: fat cells
- store fat for energy
- can change in size
Obese people have _____ fat cells than those with normal weight, and they are…
- twice
- bigger
When you lose weight, fat cells _____.
-get thinner
Interaction of ______, ________, and ________ keep people at the weight they are designed to be.
- fat cells
- metabolism
- hormones
When a heavy person diets, metabolism _____. When a thin person overeats, metabolism _______.
- slows down
- speeds up
Genes determine how much ________ a person has in addition to usual white fat.
-brown fat
Define: brown fat
- an energy-burning type of fat
- seems important in regulating body weight and blood sugar
_____ helps regulate body weight by strengthening neural circuits in the ________ that reduce appetite, and weakening circuits that _________ it.
- leptin
- hypothalamus
- stimulate
Mutation of _____ gene causes _____ levels to be too low, making _______ think body lacks ________, signalling an individual to overeat.
- “obese” “ob”
- leptin
- hypothalamus
- fat reserves
A critical period during _______, leptin influences formation of neural connections, creating the _____.
- infancy
- set point
Your brain gets high on sugary food, because they increase ______ levels in the brain.
-dopamine
What are environmental influences on weight?
- abundance of fast food and processed foods
- widespread consumption of high-calorie, high-sugar soft drinks
- decline in exercise
- increased portion sizes
- abundance of highly varied foods
Eating habits and activity levels are shaped by…
- culture’s customs
- standards of ideal body
Define: bulimia nervosa
ED characterized by binging and purging
Define: anorexia nervosa
ED characterized by…
- fear of being fat
- distorted body image
- radically reduced consumption of food; emaciation
All of the types of eating disorders have unhealthy attitudes towards…
-food, weight, body
