Chapter Review Flashcards
Motivation refers to…
-an inferred process within a person or animal to move towards a goal, or away from an unpleasant situation
Hunger, weight, and eating are governed by a genetically influenced _____, which regulates…
- set point
- food intake, fat reserves, metabolism
Obese gene causes fat cells to secrete ____, which helps the _____ regulate appetite.
- leptin
- hypothalamus
Primary environmental causes of obesity include…
- prevalence of fast-food and high-calorie drinks
- decline in exercise
- larger portions of food
- abundance of highly-varied foods
Eating habits are influenced by…
-cultural standards of ideal body
Standard vary across…
-across culture and within culture
When people believe their bodies do not match cultural ideal, they may develop eating disorders such as…
- anorexia nervosa
- bulimia nervosa
_____ influences sexual desire in both sexes, but does not cause sexual behavior.
-testosterone
____ have a higher frequency of many sexual behaviors than ___ do.
-men than women
______ is not a result of psychological factors or having gay parents.
-homosexuality
Same-sex behavior has been documented in more than ____ species.
-450
Cultures transmit sexual norms through…
- gender roles
- sexual scripts
Motives for having sex include…
- pleasure
- intimacy
- insecurity
- partner approval
- peer approval
- attaining a goal
Motives for rape include…
- sadism
- narcissism
- hostility
- desire to dominate, humiliate, or punish victim
Biological origins of passionate love may begin in ____, when the mother-infant bond releases what neurotransmitters involved in pleasure and reward?
- in infancy
- vasopressin, oxytocin
- endorphins
Two major predictors of who we fall in love with are…
- proximity
- similarity
Attachment theory views adult’s love relationships, like those of infants. They are either…
- secure
- avoidant
- anxious-ambivalent
Women often express love in ____. Men often express love in ____.
- words
- actions
The need for achievement was first studied using…
-thematic apperceptions test (TAT)
Expectations for success or failure can create…
-self-fulfilling prophecy
Expectations and success stem in part from feelings of…
-self-efficacy
People achieve more and feel better about themselves when goals are..
- specific
- difficult but attainable
- framed as approach goals
Most people develop higher intrinsic pleasure in learning when they are motivated by…
-mastery goals
Top performers are motivated by a combination of…
- mastery goals
- performance goals
Employee satisfaction and motivation is increased when the employee…(5)
- feels work is meaningful
- has control over aspects of their work
- has supportive relationships
- gets useful feedback
- has opportunities to learn and advance
Types of motivational conflicts include…
- approach-approach (equally attracted to 2 goals)
- avoidance-avoidance (lesser of 2 evils)
- approach-avoidance ( one goal with positive and negative aspects)
People motivated by ____ satisfaction of an activity are happier and more satisfied than those motivated solely by ______.
- intrinsic
- extrinsic rewards
_____ believed human motives could be ranked in a hierarchy of needs, but this theory has little empirical support.
-Abraham Maslow
