The Humanistic Approach Flashcards
the key assumption of the humanistic approach
importance of self
the different type of selfs
self expression
self image
elf -esteem
ideal self
self expression
The ways in which an individual conducts themselves across various domains. eg peronal, professional, porting concept
self image
The ‘picture’ one has of oneself, formed from a sense of uniqueness and interactions with others
tends to be realistic view
what can secure self image lead to
resilience and belief in limitless opportunites for self improvement and growth
self esteem
extent to which an individual feels good about themelves and believe tehy are worthy of love
ideal self
the perfect of themself according to ones own ideas and aspirations as opposed to external expectation
what is congruence
The state where a person’s self-image completely overlaps with their ideal self
requirement for full congruence
achieving elf actualisation
what is unconditional positive regard
an attitude of accepting and caring for someone else regardless of their actions and words needed for healthy development
What did Carl Rogers suggest about congruence in therapy?
Therapy Approach: Introduced in the 1940s with client-centred therapy.
Unconditional Positive Regard:
Therapist does not judge the client, openly or silently.
Therapist accepts all traits, behaviours, and flaws of the client.
Goal: Help the client view themselves with unconditional positive regard.
what happens if gap between real and ideal self is too wide
suffer incongruence and self actualisation will not be possible
what is conditions of love
instances where someone believes that they have to behave to gain approval and love of others
and that it can also lead psychological issues and damage later on in adulthood if the conditions arent met
Evaluation of congruence, conditions of worth & the influence on counselling psychology: praised for aspects of person being treated
removes blame and guilt and shame who attend counseling
This form of counseling is likely to lead to a good rate of client retention and lack of client attrition
Evaluation of congruence, conditions of worth & the influence on counselling psychology: vague and imprecise
makes it difficult to structure sessions and access ideas
nay rely more on the therapist rather than the system
lack of consistency
limits reliability
Evaluation of congruence, conditions of worth & the influence on counselling psychology: UCP may not help all patients
May not help clients who need to confront negative, conflicted aspects of themselves for meaningful change.
unconditional acceptance mayy prevent the therapist from actually challenging the client
hinder addressing significant issues eg addiction
the key assumptions
each indvdl is unique
humans have free will
science shouldnt be used to explain behaviour
human viewed holistically and not reduced to parts
what is free will
human are self determining beings that have control over their own behaviour
the theories in the humanistic approach
maslows hierarchy of needs
roger client centred therapy
unconditional positive regard
self actualisation
who is abraham maslow
one of the founders of humansistic approach
devised the hierarchy of needs
what is Maslows hierarchy of needs
pyramid outlining path to achieving self-actualisation
the higher one ascends the ore fufilling their life becomes
levels of the pyramid of the hieracrchy of needs
physiological needs
safety needs
social needs
esteem needs
self actualisation
physiological needs
covers all essential elements eg food and water
impossible to move up without these
safety needs
need for security, protection, predictability, and freedom from harm. eg Personal security, Financial security, Health and well-being
essential for stability achieving higher becomes challenging without it
social needs
focused on building a supportive network and feeling connected.
eg friendship, love, intimacy
even with financial success without meaningful relationships it prevents true fulfillment
what are esteem needs
involving the desire for respect, recognition, and self-worth.
eg person may be best ports player but feel worthless due to parental disinterest
self actualisation
achievement of a person’s full potential, becoming the best version of themselves
when achieved all previous levels
can be continual as new ambition and goals are set
free will, self-actualisation & Maslow’s hierarchy of needs AO3: holistic view
Acknowledges that each person experiences reality in a unique way, even when sharing aspects with others.
Focuses on individual meaning and experiences, recognizing the diversity and richness of human life.
The idiographic approach (focus on the individual) enhances ecological validity by reflecting real-world experiences rather than abstract theories.
free will, self-actualisation & Maslow’s hierarchy of needs AO3:application to a range of fields
applied to business settings: help to set goals for staff to motivation
applied to educational settings:
setting target grades to motivate students
free will, self-actualisation & Maslow’s hierarchy of needs AO3: only applicable to individualistic cultures
limited relevance and generalisability
free will, self-actualisation & Maslow’s hierarchy of needs AO3: vague and lack of scientific rigour
difficult to operationalise and measure eg what point exactly is self actualisation achieved and how can it be recorded
lacks reliability and too open to interpretation
