The Human Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Regulation of internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function, in response to internal and external changes

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2
Q

What is homeostasis important for?

A

Maintaining optimal conditions for enzyme action and all cell functions

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3
Q

How body controls exercise and eating

A

Exercise -> muscles get hotter
Eat -> blood sugar levels go up
Lose water and salt when sweat

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4
Q

What are some internal conditions controlled by homeostasis?

A

Body temperature
The water content of the body
Blood glucose concentration

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5
Q

Key features to control homeostasis

A

Receptors = detect changes known as stimuli
Coordination centres = receive and process information from receptors
Effectors = muscles and gland, restore conditions

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6
Q

Process of how your nervous system works

A

1) sensory receptor detects stimulus
2) sends electrical impulses along sensory neurones
3) impulse reaches CNS
4) brain coordinates response
5) sends impulses along motor neurones
6) gets to effectors
7) effectors respond
8) muscles respond by contracting OR glands respond by releasing chemical substances

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7
Q

Nervous system summed up

A

Stimulus -> receptor -> coordinator (CNS) -> effector

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8
Q

What three types of neurone are involved in reflexes

A

Sensory
Motor
Relay (connects sensory and motor)

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9
Q

How do reflexes work?

A

1) electrical impulse passes from receptor
2) travels along sensory neurone
3) arrives at CNS
4) passes along relay neurone
5) back along motor neurone
6) arrives at effector organ (muscle or gland)

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10
Q

Summary of reflex pathway

A

Stimulus -> receptor -> sensory neurone -> relay neurone -> motor neurone -> effector -> response

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11
Q

What happens when you touch something hot

A

1) Receptor in skin detects a stimulus (change in temperature)
2) Sensory neurone sends electrical impulses to relay neurone in spinal cord
3) Motor neurone sends electrical impulses to effector
4) Effector produces a response (move hand away)

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