Hormonal Coordination Flashcards
What is the endocrine system/what does it do?
Composed of glands that secrete hormones directly into blood stream
It carries the hormone to the target organ where it produces an effect
What type of signal is nervous and hormonal?
Nervous = electrical Hormonal = chemical
Difference between an electrical and chemical signal?
Chemical synapse = nerve impulse passes chemically by neurotransmitters
= electrical signal is converted into a chemical signal at a chemical synapse
= slower
Electrical synapse = connected through channel proteins
= Nerve impulses pass through membrane of the axon as an electrical signal.
= the impulse can be transmitted (ions)
= faster
Transmission of signal in nervous and hormonal
Nervous = by nerve cells Hormonal = by bloodstream
Effects of nervous and hormonal
Nervous = muscles or glands Hormonal = target cells in particular tissues
Type of response in nervous and hormonal
Nervous = muscle contraction of secretion Hormonal = chemical change
Speed of response in nervous and hormonal
Nervous = fast Hormonal = slow
Duration of response in nervous and hormonal
Nervous = short (until nervous impulse stop) Hormonal = long (until hormone is broken down)
ADH source, organ, role and effects
Source = pituitary gland Organ = kidney Role = controlling the water content of the blood Effects = increases reabsorption of water by the collecting ducts
Adrenaline source, organs, role, effects
Source = adrenal gland Organs = respiratory and circulatory systems Role = preparation for “fight” or “flight” Effects = increases breathing and heart rate, flow of blood to muscles, conversion of glycogen to glucose
Insulin source, organs, role and effects
Source = pancreas Organ = liver Role = controlling blood glucose levels Effects = increasing conversion of glucose into glycogen
What does the pituitary gland do?
Controls growth
Stimulated thyroid gland -> thyroxine
Manages energy from food you eat
Role of the thyroid
Controls metabolic rate, growth, development of the body
Makes thyroxine
Role of the pancreas
Controls level of glucose in the blood,
What happens when blood glucose rise?
1) after eating blood glucose rises
2) pancreas makes insulin
3) insulin allows glucose to move blood into cells
4) glucose converted to glycogen
5) insulin controls storage of glycogen (liver and muscles)
6) stored glycogen can convert back into glucose
7) blood glucose stable within concentration range
What happens to excess glucose?
Converted into lipids and stored
Regularly eat, more glucose = too much for liver and muscles to store
More you store = obesity
How glucagon controls blood glucose levels
1) blood glucose concentration falls
2) pancreas secretes glucagon
3) glucagon makes liver break down glycogen
4) stored glucose released back into bloof
What happens to insulin in type 1 diabetes
Pancreas does not make enough insulin, your blood concentration is not controlled
Result of type 1 diabetes
Without insulin, glucose cannot get into cells of your body
Break down fat and protein to use as fuel
Produce lots of urine, feel thirsty, lack energy, feel tired, lose weight
What happens to your insulin in type 2 diabetes?
Make less than your body needs, body cells stop responding to insulin properly
How is type 2 diabetes formed
Genetics
Obesity
How to treat type 1 diabetes
1) inject insulin
2) glucose into cells
3) stop concentration of glucose in blood getting high
4) if blood glucose falls
5) glycogen converted back to glucose
What you can do to stop effects
Do not eat too many carbs
Lots of exercise
Curing type 1 diabetes
-Transplant pancreas
=difficult
=risky
=still have to take medicine
-Transplanting pancreatic cells
=limited success
