The human nervous system

Question 1

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 1

In aerobic cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and ATP.

Question 2

How do cells get there energy?

Answer 2

Cells get there energy through a process called Cellular respiration.

Question 3

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 3

Glucose is broken down to produce lactate, carbon dioxide and ATP. (less than half of aerobic respiration)

Question 4

What is the nervous system made up of?

Answer 4

The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 5

About the peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

The peripheral nervous system is made up of all nerves outside of the central nervous system. It carries information to and from the central nervous system.

Question 6

What are the two parts that the peripheral system is divided into?

Answer 6

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.

Question 7

Somatic nervous system

Answer 7

controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements.

Question 8

autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

controls involuntary actions

Question 9

central nervous systems (CNS)

Answer 9

The SNS is the control center of the body. All messages from the body are processed through it.

Question 10

What are the two main features in the CNS?

Answer 10

The brain and The spinal cord

Question 11

Brain

Answer 11

Is the processing center, gathers information, makes decisions about both internal and external responses.

Question 12

The spinal cord

Answer 12

Transmits information to the brain and away from the brain, it is the main pathway of the information and, therefore, when it is damaged it has a significant impact on how the individual functions.

Question 13

neuron

Answer 13

nerve cell

Question 14

cell body

Answer 14

The central part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and other cell organelles

Question 15

Axon

Answer 15

Long, threadlike part of a neuron that transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body

Question 16

Myelin sheath

Answer 16

A fatty layer that helps insulate the axon, and allows the electrical impulses to travel much more quickly

Question 17

dendrite

Answer 17

are nerve endings that branch out of the cell body; they receive the impulse and form contacts with other neurons.

Question 18

axon terminals

Answer 18

They transmit the information away from the neuron to another neuron.

Question 19

synapse

Answer 19

the place where the axon of one neuron meets the dendrite of another.

Question 20

nerve impulse

Answer 20

an electrical signal transmitted by the nervous system

Question 21

neuron transmitter

Answer 21

a chemical that carries a nerve impulse from one nerve cell to another at the synapse.

Question 22

motor neuron

Answer 22

nerve cell that carries nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to organs, glands and muscles.

Question 23

sensory neuron

Answer 23

collects information, connects to sensors, and sends information to the CNS.

Question 24

node of Ranvier

Answer 24

any gap within the myelin sheath exposing the axon

Question 25

Schwann cell

Answer 25

any of the cells in the PNS that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons.

Question 26

what are the 3 types of neurons

Answer 26

sensory, motor, and interneurons.