The human nervous system Flashcards
What is aerobic respiration?
In aerobic cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and ATP.
How do cells get there energy?
Cells get there energy through a process called Cellular respiration.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Glucose is broken down to produce lactate, carbon dioxide and ATP. (less than half of aerobic respiration)
What is the nervous system made up of?
The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
About the peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system is made up of all nerves outside of the central nervous system. It carries information to and from the central nervous system.
What are the two parts that the peripheral system is divided into?
Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
Somatic nervous system
controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements.
autonomic nervous system
controls involuntary actions
central nervous systems (CNS)
The SNS is the control center of the body. All messages from the body are processed through it.
What are the two main features in the CNS?
The brain and The spinal cord
Brain
Is the processing center, gathers information, makes decisions about both internal and external responses.
The spinal cord
Transmits information to the brain and away from the brain, it is the main pathway of the information and, therefore, when it is damaged it has a significant impact on how the individual functions.
neuron
nerve cell
cell body
The central part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and other cell organelles
Axon
Long, threadlike part of a neuron that transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body
Myelin sheath
A fatty layer that helps insulate the axon, and allows the electrical impulses to travel much more quickly
dendrite
are nerve endings that branch out of the cell body; they receive the impulse and form contacts with other neurons.
axon terminals
They transmit the information away from the neuron to another neuron.
synapse
the place where the axon of one neuron meets the dendrite of another.
nerve impulse
an electrical signal transmitted by the nervous system
neuron transmitter
a chemical that carries a nerve impulse from one nerve cell to another at the synapse.
motor neuron
nerve cell that carries nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to organs, glands and muscles.
sensory neuron
collects information, connects to sensors, and sends information to the CNS.
node of Ranvier
any gap within the myelin sheath exposing the axon
Schwann cell
any of the cells in the PNS that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons.
what are the 3 types of neurons
sensory, motor, and interneurons.
