The Human Digestive System Flashcards
Name the 7 nutrients
Carbohydrates Protein Fat Water Fibre( roughage) Minerals Vitamins
Name the 5 processes of nutrition
- Ingestion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Assimilation
- Egestion
Saliva
Water+ mucus+ amylase and bicarbonate ions.
What does the tongue do
It pushes food into a bolus
What does the epiglottis do
It protects the larynx during swallowing
Different gastric juices and their functions
Water, mucous
HCl pH 2 acidic medium and antiseptic
Pepsin: protein digesting enzymes. Secreted as inactive pepsinogen but activated by gastric juice
Lipase: Digests fat into fatty acids and glycerol
Rennin: makes milk proteins insoluble
Ulcer
Peptic ulcers may lead to bleeding or perforation, emergency situations.
The liver function
Bile Homeostasis-release nutrients or remove nutrients from blood Stores glycogen Deamination Stores iron, vitamin A,D,K and B12 Detoxifies Plasma proteins and blood clotting factors Breaks down red blood cells.
Bile
Emulsified fats
Alkaline to neutralise stomach acids
Helps absorb fats
Antiseptic
Bile= made in liver, stored in Gail bladder
Pancreas= endocrine gland
Water
Bicarbonate ions = makes alkali medium
Trypsinogen= protein to polypeptides
Lipase= fats to fatty acids and glycerol
Amylase = starch to maltose
Ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease = breaks down RNA and DNA
Enterokinase= activates trypsin to trypsinogen
Pepsinogen= inactivate, only active intestine
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes
Weight loss Extreme tiredness Blurred vision Going to the toilet more frequently especially at night Increased thirst
Pepsin
Protein digesting enzyme
Lipase
Digests fat into fatty acids and glycerol
Rennin
Makes milk proteins insoluble
Ulcer
May lead to bleeding/perforation, emergency situations
