Fats And Oils

Question 1

Organic compounds

Answer 1

Have their origin in living organisms .

Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
( carbon dioxide is an exception)

Burn in oxygen ( combustible)

Question 2

Inorganic compounds

Answer 2

Simple molecules and can’t burn in oxygen

Question 3

Polymers

Answer 3

Are large molecules built of smaller monomers

Question 4

Type 1 of lipids

Answer 4

Fats

Solid at room temperature
Eg. Butter, suet,lard, adipose(on meat)

Question 5

Type 2 of lipids

Answer 5

Oils

Liquid at room temperature
Eg. Sunflower oil, olive oil, canola oil, avocado oil

Fish oil and salmon oil
Can solidify

Question 6

Elements

Answer 6

C H O

H:O ratio is larger than 2:1
Eg C49H94O6

Question 7

Monomers

Answer 7

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
E shaped molecule

Triglycerides ( fat molecules)

Question 8

Anabolism

Answer 8

Condensation/ dihydrationsynthesis

Building up reactions

To form a glycerol water would have to be lost

Part of metabolism

Question 9

Catabolism

Answer 9

Hydrolysis ( splitting)

Breaking down reactions

Needs water present to break the bonds so molecules can flow

Question 10

What type of bonds do fats and Oils have

Answer 10

An Easter bond

Question 11

Physical properties

Answer 11

Insoluble in water( won’t dissolve in water)(hydrophobic)

Soluble in all organic solvents
Eg. Alcohol

Less dense than water

May be solid: saturated fats - single bonds
- solid at room temperature (animal fat)

May be liquid: unsaturated fats - some double bonds
- liquid at room temperature (plant fat)

Question 12

Biological importance

Answer 12

1. Food reserve (stored energy) - animals :adipose tissue
   - plants: oil droplets
2. Insulator (layer of subcutaneous fat,just under the skin) eg. Polar bear and Seal
3. Phospholipids (bilayer)(structural form of all cell membranes)(2 tails)
4. Help to form steriod(fat based hormones eg.testosterone )
5. Waxes (water proofing) eg. Cutin - cuticle of plants and exoskeleton of insects
6. Protection (vital organs)