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EDUC571 Learning, Instructional Psychology > The Human Brain > Flashcards

The Human Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Individual nerve cell

A

neuron

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2
Q

receive messages from other neurons

A

dendrites

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3
Q

cell body; body of the neuron

A

soma

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4
Q

finer that carries information away from the cell body

A

axon

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5
Q

branches that link the dendrites and somas of other neurons

A

axon terminals

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6
Q

electrical charge of an inactive neuron

A

resting potential

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7
Q

trigger point for a neutrons firing

A

threshold

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8
Q

nerve impulse

A

action potential

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9
Q

when a neuron is less willing to fire

A

negative after potential

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10
Q

synapses

A

the microscopic gap that allows messages from one neuron to another pass over

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11
Q

chemicals in the brain that alter activity in neurons

A

neurotransmitters

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12
Q

receptor site

A

areas on the surface of neurons and other cells that are sensitive to neurotransmitters

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13
Q

MOOD STABILISER affects mood, sleep, appetite, sensory perception, temperature regulation, pain suppression, impulsivity, and aggression: depression

A

serotonin

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14
Q

MOVEMENT AND MEMORY affects muscle action, cognitive functioning, memory, REM, sleep, emotion: Alzheimer’s

A

Acetylcholine

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15
Q

PLEASURE AND MOTIVATION affects movement, attention, memory, learning, and emotion: Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s

A

Dopamine

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16
Q

ATTENTION affects learning, memory, dreaming, emotion, waking from sleep, eating, alertness, wakefulness, reactions to stress

A

Norepinephrine

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17
Q

STRESS RESPONDER affects emotional arousal, memory storage, and metabolism of glucose necessary for energy release

A

Epinephrine

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18
Q

RELAXER neural inhabitation n the central nervous system: tranquillising drugs to act on ___ to decrease anxiety

A

GABA

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19
Q

neuropeptides

A

regulate activity of other neurons

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20
Q

enkephalins

A

relieve pain and stress; similar to endorphins

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21
Q

endorphins

A

released by pituitary gland; also help to relieve pain

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22
Q

what do enkephalins and endorphins do together?

A

work together to reduce pain/stress so that it is not disabling

23
Q

large bundles of axons and dendrites

24
Q

fatty layer of tissue that coats axons

25
Q

nerve impulses travelling down an axon coated with myelin jump from gap to gap in the myelin layer

A

saltatory conduction

26
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal cord

27
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

all parts of the nervous system besides BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

28
Q

what are the two parts of the PNS?

A

somatic system and autonomic system

29
Q

links spinal cord with body and sense organs; controls voluntary behaviour via sensory neurons and motor neurons

A

somatic system

30
Q

serves internal organs and glands; controls automatic functions such as heart rate and blood pressure

A

autonomic system

31
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

32
Q

arouses body; emergency system

A

sympathetic

33
Q

quiets body; most active after an emotional event

A

parasympathetic

34
Q

(spinal cord)
31 of them; carry sensory and motor messages to and from the spinal cord

A

spinal nerves

35
Q

(spinal cord)
12 pairs that leave the brain directly; also work to communicate messages

A

cranial nerves

36
Q

outer layer of the cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex

37
Q

two large hemispheres that cover upper part of the brain

38
Q

right and left halves of the cortex

A

cerebral hemispheres

39
Q

language functions (speaking, reading, writing, and understanding language)
analytical functions (math)
right hand touch

A

left hemisphere

40
Q

nonverbal abilities (music, and art, perceptual and spatio-manipulative skills)
some language comprehension
left hand touch

A

right hemisphere

41
Q

bundle of fibres connecting cerebral hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

42
Q

what are central Cortex lobes?

A

divide the cortex into several smaller areas

43
Q

SUBCORTEX connects brain with the spinal cord and controls vital life functions such as heart rate and breathing

44
Q

SUBCORTEX
act as a bridge between medulla and other structures
influences sleep and arousal

A

pons (bridges)

45
Q

located at base of brain
regulates posture, muscle tone, and muscular coordination

A

cerebellum

46
Q

SUBCORTEX
lies into medulla and brainstem
associated with alertness, attention, and some reflexes
(breathing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting)

A

subcortex: reticular formation

47
Q

part of the reticular formation that keeps the cortex active and alert

A

reticular activating system (RAS)

48
Q

FOREBRAIN
structures are part of ____: system within forebrain linked to emotional response

A

limbic system

49
Q

relays sensory information to the cortex

50
Q

regulates emotional behaviours and motives (sex, hunger, rage, hormone release)

A

hypothalamus

51
Q

associated with fear responses

52
Q

associated with storing memories; helps us navigate through space

A

hippocampus

EDUC571 Learning, Instructional Psychology (6 decks)

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