CHAPTER 2 COGNITION

Question 1

communication mechanism in the brain

Answer 1

neurons

Question 2

responsible for complex problem solving and language
last part of brain to develop

Answer 2

cerebral cortex

Question 3

the specialisation of the two sides, hemispheres, of the brain

Answer 3

lateralisation

Question 4

cognition

Answer 4

activity of knowledge and the mental processes used to acquire knowledge and solve problems

Question 5

cognitive development

Answer 5

changes that occur in mental skills and abilities over the course of life

Question 6

intelligence

Answer 6

adaption to environment

Question 7

achieving _______

Answer 7

cognitive equilibrium

Question 8

child as a _________

Answer 8

constructivist

Question 9

organisation

Answer 9

rearranging existing schemes into more complex ones

Question 10

what occurs during adaption?

Answer 10

assimilation and accommodation

Question 11

assimilation

Answer 11

interpret new experiences with existing schemes

Question 12

accommodation

Answer 12

modifying existing schemes to interpret new experiences

Question 13

Where is Piaget’s stage where sensory inputs and motor capabilities become coordinated?

Answer 13

sensorimotor

Question 14

milestones in sensorimotor stage

Answer 14

development of imitation
development of object permanence

Question 15

Piaget underestimated infants abilities?

Answer 15

true

Question 16

which of Piaget’s stages does the use of symbols increases?

Answer 16

Preoperational Stage

Question 17

deficits of reasoning: animism

Answer 17

why does it rain? The clouds are crying)

Question 18

deficits of reasoning: egocentrism

Answer 18

inability for children to take on someone else’s perspective

Question 19

deficits of reasoning: appearance/reality

Answer 19

kids have a hard time distangling with what it looks like and what it is

Question 20

deficits of reasoning: conservation

Answer 20

tall skinny glass of juice & shorter wide glass; kids are upset when they get the shorter one even if there is the same amount of juice in both

Question 21

theory of mind

Answer 21

Theory of mind is the ability to understand that other people have their own thoughts, beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one’s own.

Question 22

Which of Piaget’s stage does more logical thinking and real objects and experiences occur

Answer 22

Concrete Operational Stage

Question 23

what is the ability to order objects based on some common property?
arrange yourself of shorter and smaller

Answer 23

Mental seriation

Question 24

what it is called when you can compare two objects via intermediate objects

Answer 24

transitive interference

Question 25

Horizontal décalage

Answer 25

some children may be able to do conservation of volume but struggle with conservation of number, which is okay

Question 26

which of Piaget’ stage does the thinking become more rational and systematic about abstract concepts and hypothetical events

Answer 26

Formal Operational

Question 27

Contributions of Piaget

Answer 27

Founded discipline of cognitive development
Emphasised children’s active involvement in development
Attempted to explain; not just describe development
Provided overview of changes in thinking
Influenced other areas of development research (social, emotional)
Inspired much research

Question 28

who is best known for Neo-Piagetian?

Answer 28

Robbie Case

Question 29

existing knowledge was ____

Answer 29

consolidated

Question 30

repeated practice is important for ____

Answer 30

automatisation

Question 31

what was Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 31

Cognitive development is driven by collaborative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society
May vary from culture to culture

Question 32

4 levels of analysis: Ontogenetic development

Answer 32

Development of a individual during their life span

If I want to understand you, I can not look at you right now I need to understand your whole life

Question 33

4 levels of analysis: Microgenetic development

Answer 33

Changes over a brief period of time

Last september undergraduate student, this september pre service teacher

Need to know what is going on right now that influences you

Question 34

4 levels of analysis: Phylogenetic development

Answer 34

Development of the species

Startle reflex

Question 35

4 levels of analysis: Sociohistorical development

Answer 35

Norms, experiences that one gets from being apart of a socio-cultural group

Ex, western culture (individualism) eastern culture (collectivism)

Elders example

Question 36

what is the difference between what a learner can accomplish alone and guidance of a more skilled partner

Answer 36

Zone of proximal development

Question 37

what is the Understanding the students’ needs; giving information, prompts, reminders, and encouragement at the right time and in the right amounts; and then gradually allowing the students to do more and more on their own

Answer 37

Scaffolding

Question 38

The “Problem of the Match”

Answer 38

The students must be neither bored by work that is too simple nor left behind by teaching they cannot understand

Question 39

Active Learning

Answer 39

Students should act, manipulate, observe, and then talk and/or write about what they have experienced

Question 40

Assisted Learning

Answer 40

Guided participation in the classroom