INFORMATION PROCESSING AND METACOGNITION Flashcards
multistore model
model of the flow of information in thinking
what are the three main stores information flows through ?
sensory store
short-term store
long-term store
metacognition
thinking about our thinking
executive control
the processes involved in planning and monitoring what you attend to and what you do with this input
what is a Goal directed, deliberate mental operation to facilitate task performance
strategy
what is it called when children know a strategy but don’t use it unless someone reminds them. They can do it, but they just don’t think to use it on their own.
production deficiencies
what is it called when they do not have enough cognitive resources left over. This means a child knows and uses a strategy, but it doesn’t help them much because using it takes so much effort that their brain is too tired to get the full benefit. They’re using the strategy, but it’s not efficient yet because they’re still learning how to make it automatic.
Utilization deficiencies
Siegler’s adaptive strategy choice model
explains how children choose between different strategies to solve problems as they grow. According to this model, children don’t stick to just one way of doing things; instead, they try out multiple strategies and adapt over time
Implicit thinking
unconscious
Explicit thinking
conscious
Children’s awareness of the distinction between conscious and unconscious thought develops_____________
gradually
Fuzzy-Trace Theory
How children use memory changes from when they are younger and older
People encode information on a continuum from___________ to _________
verbatim (younger children, try to focus on everything ); gist (older children & adults, remember key elements, what is important to me?)
easily accessed
require relatively little effort
gists
more susceptible to interference
more easily forgotten
verbatim traces
memory representations called _______
traces
selective attention
focus on what I need to do
cognitive inhibition
Cognitive inhibition refers to the brain’s ability to tune out or suppress irrelevant information, thoughts, or distractions, allowing an individual to focus on a specific task or goal.
Conscious effort to retain or retrieve information
includes mnemonics
strategic memory
long term memory for events
includes autobiographical memories
event memory
memory strategies:
scripts
schemes for certain experiences
memory strategies:
rehearsal
Repeated items over and over
Amount and type of rehearsal changes over childhood
Preschoolers rarely rehearse
12 year olds can rehearse clusters of words
memory strategies:
organisation
Semantically organized lists 4
memory strategies:
elaboration
Adding information or creating meaningful links between pieces of information
memory strategies:
retrieval processes
Free recall
Cued recall
memory strategies:
metamemory
Increases between ages 4-12
Relation memory
Age differences in recall may due to knowledge base as much as strategies
something you know to help you understand something you do not know
Analogical Reasoning
