The Holocaust Flashcards
What does Anti-Semitism mean?
Any hostility toward, or discrimination against, Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group.
What types of prejudice did Jews face historically?
Violence, scapegoating, and legal discrimination.
What historical event caused Jews to be seen as rivals to early Christians?
The establishment of Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire.
By the year 1000 CE, what was the religious landscape of Europe?
Almost everyone in Europe was Christian.
What were some false accusations made against Jews during the Middle Ages?
Jews were wrongly blamed for killing Jesus and poisoning wells during the Black Death.
What laws were often passed against Jews in different countries?
Laws that restricted jobs, forced them to live in ghettos, and required them to wear identifying clothing.
What happened to Jewish communities in Europe during times of crisis?
They were often scapegoated and faced brutal persecution.
What significant event occurred regarding Jews in England in 1290?
King Edward I ordered all Jews to leave the country.
When were the laws expelling Jews from England removed?
In 1655.
What tragic event occurred in York in 1190?
Around 150 Jewish people died after being trapped in a tower.
What accusation was made against Jews during the Black Death in 1348?
Jews were accused of poisoning wells.
What does the term ‘pogrom’ refer to?
Violent riots aimed at the persecution of Jews.
What was the consequence of the harvest failure in Russia in 1885 for local Jews?
They were blamed for the famine and ordered to leave.
What was one reason for the increasing anti-Jewish sentiment in England during the 1100s?
Jews were wrongly accused of murdering Christian children.
What did Jewish people have to do to identify themselves in some countries?
Wear hats, badges, or certain items of clothing.
What was a common result of Jewish expulsions from various countries?
Movement of Jewish refugees across Europe and beyond.
What was the Holocaust?
The mass killing of approximately six million Jews across Europe during World War II (1939-1945) by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis.
What did the Nazis intend to do regarding Jewish life in Europe?
Totally destroy Jewish life in Europe.
Define genocide.
Any act committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
What was the fate of Jews in Europe before the end of World War II?
Two-thirds of Jews who lived in Europe before the war were killed, including approximately 90 percent of all Jewish children.
What groups, besides Jews, were persecuted by the Nazis?
Roma and Sinti people, disabled people, gay men, Jehovah’s Witnesses, political opponents, Polish and Soviet civilians, and prisoners of war from the Soviet Union.
True or False: The Holocaust only targeted Jewish people.
False.
Fill in the blank: The defeat of Nazi Germany and its allies in 1945 brought the _______ to an end.
killings.
What year did Adolf Hitler and the Nazis come to power in Germany?
1933.