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RIHE c. 300-100 BC > The Hellenistic polis > Flashcards

The Hellenistic polis Flashcards

1
Q

What were the basic features of a stoa?

A

covered walkway
colonnaded open side
back proper wall

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1
Q

What was a ‘quintessentially Hellenistic’ feature of the built environs of a polis?

A

a stoa

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2
Q

What kind of things could happen in a stoa? (3)

A

business and commercial meetings
administration
leisurely conversation

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3
Q

What is the modern term for the bouleuterion? What was the main function of the boule that used it?

A

council house
Arrange the agenda for the assembly

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4
Q

What feature of a theatre was a Hellenistic innovation?

A

curved seating

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5
Q

What was function of gymnasion?

A

Facilitated the physical, mental, and social education of young men in a polis

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6
Q

What was function of a palaestra?

A

wrestling teaching, often associated with a gymnasion

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7
Q

Around how many self-defined Hellenistic poleis are there?

A

1000+

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8
Q

What are the traditional features of a polis? What are the features of HELLENISTIC poleis? Problem with this hell characterisation?

A

independent political Greek community, often democratic, and embodying the values of autonomia and autrarkia.
Directly subordinate to royal powers, new foundations in Near E, m and m oligarchic, and autonomia more only in speech.
Self-definition as poleis and understanding of their own identity and autonomy is apparent in evidence from communities.

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9
Q

What was peer-polity interaction?

A

The interactions of poleis w similar status in horizontal plane (as opposed to vertical interactions w royals and dynasties etc)

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10
Q

What evidence is there for Hellenistic peer polity interaction?

A

decrees, letters, and embassies sent between poleis

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11
Q

When was the decree betw Knossos and Miletus? Intention? Significance?

A

3rd cent BCE
Limit the impact of piracy by making a mutual agreement to not buy/sell slaves of the other community.
Represents the intention of poleis to make connections, without committing to much in particular (e.g. there was no extradition agreement in this decree)

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12
Q

What was asylia in Hellenstic world?

A

inviobility - a status that could be requested by cities from royals or other cities. Any successful state would then by protected from war or piracy as well as be exempt from any tax or tribute under the auth of the relevant party

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13
Q

Example of request for asylia? Significance?

A

Teos approach Athamanians for status; 205-1 BCE; Aths recognise Teos as sacred, inviolable, and free from tribute.
Part of wider plan by Teos to build up dossier of connections like this (ath being far away and an unlikely threat, it was not important in itself) AND Aths were able to strengthen diplomatic links, validating their claims of Greek heritage - mutual benefits

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14
Q

What preserved decree demonstrates a dominant-subord state dynamic?

A

Rhodes and Hierapytna (Crete)
Rhodians requested and got full access to teh ‘city, harbours, and naval bases’, have military assistance from H whenever requested, and support when under attack

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15
Q

What was isopoliteia? Example?

A

Exchange of rights between two communities’ citizens, essentially providing their ppls with dual citizenship. Same tax rates in each city, same rights, but maintenance of their own constitutions.
Pergamon and Temnos, early 3rd cent

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16
Q

What was sympoliteia?

A

The blending of constitutions between communities that essentially meant the two were of one constitution.

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17
Q

What is striking in the context of Hell dynasties with the inter poleis interactions?

A

absence of royal intervention, even in the dealings of royal cities (e.g. Pergamon)

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18
Q

What was proxeny? Significance? Example?

A

Honouring of an individual with rights and privileges from foreign state.
Way of initiating wider diplomatic polis relationship.
Proxeny for Aristodamna (c3rd BCE) - Lamians honour Aristodamna, travelling poetess, as their proxenos, for her celebration of polis history

19
Q

What diplomatic language became more intense and arguably more tenuous in Hellenistic world? Example?

A

Kinship diplomacy - historical/mythical ancestors used to create links between poleis; emphasis on ‘remembering’ the link as if it was always there but needed to be rediscovered.
Kytenion approached Xanthus with extensive mythical family tree eventually making a connection. They intended to get money for their walls but this fails YET decree set up by Xanthus recognising kinship still.

20
Q

What key example provides v good evidence for diplomacy and relationships between Hell poleis AND w royals?

A

Magnesia on the Maeander and the festival of Artemis Leucophryene.
Approached 200+ other cities to provide funds for their new festival, many of whom replied, the texts of which were recorded on city walls.

21
Q

What decree from Dreros on Crete is preserved? Significance?

A

Oath to be taken by ephebes in commitment to fiercely oppose neighbour Lyttos, likely a result of territorial and resource conflicts.
These kinds of conflicts were always running alongside wider dynastic conflict, and likely more pression for ppl in Hellenistic world.

22
Q

When did Rhodes declare war on Byzantium? Why? Signif?

A

220 BCE
Byz had started raising trade taxes on ships going through Hellespont to Black Sea; this generates complaints from Greek poleis directly to hegemon Rhodes; they initially attempt diplomacy but this fails so they pursue military action.
No royal interference despite larger conflict.

23
Q

What example of royal intervention in Crete demonstrates the ways in which royal interference could occur in G poleis interactions? Signif?

A

Relationship had built up between Itanos (E Crete) and Ptolemy Philometor in 2nd cent; he dies and other states take advantage of situ with an attack on the now considerably weaker Itanos.
Hell royals could be implicated in local conflicts thus influenceing peer-polity interaction BUT ALSO the G states could benefit from intervention by royals as Itanos had done.

24
Q

What roles could wealthy indivs have in the power dynamics of the Hell world?

A

Could intercede w other poleis and royal powers.
Ability to bail out their city when in trouble (euergetism)

25
Q

What is an example if inter-poleis euergetism recorded in preserved decree?

A

c200-150 BCE decree honouring Hephastion of Callatis from Istria.
C and I on western coast of BS. Heph remitted a debt of 400 gold pieces from Istria

26
Q

Who was ‘local hero’ of Samos? What had he done?

A

Boulagoras of Samos
In 240s BCE he occupied various offices in the city well, offered personal loans, secured the grain supply when there was a period of famine, and managed to intercede with Antiochus II in a very difficult situation where the royal philoi had been taking the property of the citizens.

27
Q

Other than euergetism, what could indivs be honoured for? Examples?

A

Poets/writers who celebrated and promoted their community’s past.
Leon of Samos who celebrated Hera and their own sanctuary m artistic seeming motives.
Syriscus of Chersonnesus who wrote account of Appearances of the maiden (Artemis appearing in local community) whilst also referring to realtions betw Bosphorus kingdom and benefactiosn between them and kings. POLITICAL VALUE as to his honouring and his work

28
Q

What is the Lindian Chronicle?

A

99 BCE inscrip from sant of Athena at Lindos (Rhodes) recording ‘lost; offerings from great heroes and rulers (mythical and historical) to their deity.
Poss interps of the text: nostalgic celebration of the community esp in context of Roman threat; means of advertising community’s status as a dossier of others recognising the sanctuary and community’s significance.

29
Q

What is an example of a Hell. community clearly drawing on their past in order to gain status in the present?

A

Letter from stat official Zeuxis to Heracleians c196 BCE that preserves the original request of heracleians to reinstate privledges they had under kingdom in the past. This was successful

30
Q

What is the underlying idea in arguing either for decline of the polis or vitality of?

A

There was variaton/differentiation across individual poleis, regions, chronology, institutions, and material culture

31
Q

When was Pella est as a Macedonian royal capital?

A

c400

32
Q

Signif of Pella to AtG?

A

said to have been born there

33
Q

What role did Pella take on whilst the Antigonids ruled the Macedonian kingdom?

A

it acted as their capital with a largely administrative role

34
Q

What was the purpose of the basileia in hellenistic poleis?

A

residence for the royal families + administration, hosting, and supervision of the court

35
Q

Key features of Pella’s basileia?

A

located on hill, north of settlement proper
v large
up against major fortification wall
central courtyard, evidence of statues there
around, andrones
palaestra
mint
stables
storage facilities

36
Q

What was building 1 in Pella’s palace’s likely function? Why?

A

cultic
altar in centre of room and exedria for displaying statues

37
Q

Features of Pella settlement?

A

strict orthoganal grid plan
central agora with stoas surrounding it
main road (c15m wide) running E-W

38
Q

Why is Priene such a good source for polis info?

A

largely abandoned 2nd cent CE with limited Roman period interference

39
Q

Features of Priene town planning?

A

strict orthagonal plan w uniform insulae
Theatre, T of Athens, and agora measured perfectly into insulae sizes
stepped N-S roads
blue-grey marble lined the roads

40
Q

What constitution was organised in Priene? Evidence?

A

likely a democracy
Stelae inscribed w decrees of the assembly

41
Q

What in Priene was funded by AtG? Evidence?

A

Temple of Athena
dedicatory inscription in which the construction is attributed to him

42
Q

Evidence of G educational system in Priene?

A

large gymnasion
classrooms with a lot of graffitti - ‘Seat of Autocrates, son of Autocrates, Hook-Nose’

43
Q

What was the general plan of Priene houses?

A

courtyard plan with living rooms and andron on ground floor
poss women’s quarters on 1st floor

44
Q

What is unique abt House 33 in Priene?

A

knocked through party wall to make residence larger

45
Q

2 examples of honoured citizens at Priene?

A

Apellis, late 4th cent, honoured as Secretary of the Guardians of the Laws.
Moschion, 2nd cent, celebrated for family and high status

46
Q

What was displayed in agora at Priene?

A

honorific statues for wealthy citizens

RIHE c. 300-100 BC (11 decks)

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