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RIHE c. 300-100 BC > Hellenistic Women and family > Flashcards

Hellenistic Women and family Flashcards

1
Q

What is one form of material evidence attesting to the greater status of women in public life?

A

honorific statues

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2
Q

In what way is the himation styled differently on hon statues of women vs men?

A

Himation made into veil/head covering

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3
Q

What is a problem with teh bronze hon statues we have of Hellenistic women?

A

They are wholly removed from their original contexts

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4
Q

Why were female statues displayed in sanctuaries?

A

They were priestesses, v important to the religious workings of the sancts

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5
Q

What are the three contexts the Tanagra figurines are generally found in?

A

Private
Funerary
Votive

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6
Q

Why do the Tanagra figurines have the name that they do?

A

Many examples of the female figurines were found at Tanagra, Boeotia

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7
Q

What is a very common form of female material evidence pieces?

A

Tanagra figurines

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8
Q

What are Tanagras good to indicate about statuary in general?

A

use of polychromy

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9
Q

What is material evidence of women in context?

A

grave stelai

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10
Q

What can grave stele tell us about women and their role in society?

A

familial role and ideals

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11
Q

Why is there such poor evidence as to Hell queen coin portraiture?

A

hard to recognise
few have survived

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12
Q

What was the main role for hellenistic royal women(in royal courts/daughters of kings etc)?

A

create dynastic ties through marriage

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13
Q

What does RRR Smith identify as the crucial personal characteristics of female statuary in Hellenictic P?

A

ppl identified the women from dress or iconpgraphoic attributes as opposed to physiognomic features which IDed their male counterparts

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14
Q

What has led scholars to ID the Villa dei Papyri Hellenistic royal head as a female?

A

fleshiness
generic and idealistic
corckscrew locks (although sometimes used for Apollo ports)

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15
Q

What appears to have been common form for female image in Sel empire?

A

minature representations on clay seals
high-ranking women, but uncertain as to specific ID (some have been led to assimilate these images with Sel queens)

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16
Q

Function of clay seals? Signif?

A

closure of official documents - somewhat public imagery BUT often stored in archive so not frequently seen or widely disseminated

17
Q

How was Attalid royal woman Apollonis honoured? By whom? Signif?

A

temple for her worship, 2nd century. By her sons.
suggests a tendency for honouring their royal women and thus absence of evidence for portraiture etc does not nec equate to evidence of absence

18
Q

Why is decontextualization for female statues a problem?

A

without context, it is even harder to ID the woman

19
Q

What does the homogeneity of female imagery reflect abt hellenistic societies?

A

patriarchal disregard for women as one homogenous group

20
Q

What are two trends in Hell p of female statuary?

A

elite honorific statues of women
naked aphrodites

21
Q

What are two early female statues representative of early Hell styles? Signif?

A

large and small herculaneum women(goddesses) poss Demeter and persephone, c300 BCE
level of detail in drapery refinement = Hell innovation

22
Q

What was a consistent feature of G reps of Isis? Signif?

A

corkscrew curls
sort of neo-archaic as a means of reflecting Egyptian traditionalism of the goddess and otherness to Gs

23
Q

What goddess became partic popular in Hell East? Role? Example?

A

Tyche
Goddess of fortune that was elevated to the status of civic protector and overseer of the cities’ fortunes
Statue of Tyche, Antioch (state capital of Sels), c300 known through figurines

24
Q

Iconography of Tyche?

A

city wall crown
casual posing
distinctive drapery
cornucopia (later)

25
Q

What does RRR Smith understand Aph of Knidos’ social role to likely have been?

A

an ideal for attractive Hell women to emulate

26
Q

What form of naked Aph statue was particularly unusual for Hell repertoire? Likely function?

A

crouching aphrodite being caught mid-bathing
impressive votive, would be an odd composition for a cult statue

27
Q

What were two common Aph figurine types of the Hell period?

A

Anadyomene (hair-binding)
Sandal-Binding

28
Q

What do Hell half-draped statues of Aph suggest abt reception of the many naked types?

A

there could have been social tension around the full nudity types

29
Q

What social factor does RRR Smith identify as contributing to more frequent depictions of women in Hell world?

A

greater emphasis on heterosexual relations with kingship reducing the power of male citizenry and being openly heterosexually licentious

30
Q

What social changes does RRR Smith associate with popular a) naked aphrodites b) draped women statues?

A

a) increase in presence and influence of heterosexuality
b) more autonomy of women in Hell communities, esp in East

31
Q

What evidence is there of the erotic appeal of Aph of Knidos?

A

Lucianic dialogue focussed on discussion of male sexuality (boys v women) set in the templw at Knidos in which they are admiring the statue

32
Q

Two features of Aphrodite’s character in her naked statues?

A

modest
passive

33
Q

What was a signif departure of naked Aphrodites from usual execuation of naked G statues? Expl?

A

genitalia was not explicit in detail - usually everything visible was done to most accuracy possible
poss too sexually aggressive, poss painted pubic hair (although strange that no carving was used)

34
Q

What is needed in order to ID Hell female statues? Why?

A

inscribed bases
portraits are idealised w little physiognomic variation

35
Q

Typical pose and dress of Hell female potraiture?

A

pudicitia pose w one arm across chest
complex drapery w layering and across body wrapping

36
Q

What was distinction betw Classical female clothing and most of the Hell female clothing? Signif?

A

outer mantle of thin material over the top of heavy dress
RATHER THAN heavier himation over thinner chiton
slightly more dynamic and attractive (more acceptance of women in public thus more acceptance of their sexual appeal?) AND reflects actual changes in dress - linen or silk cloak became a piece of clothing taht imparted status

37
Q

What type of women does RRR Smith associate with Tanagras?

A

urban lower-class/artisan women

38
Q

What two explanations does RRR Smith provide for the m dynamic posing and narrative of the Tanagras?

A

role as moveable votive ornaments
less occupation with elite matronly ideals

RIHE c. 300-100 BC (11 decks)

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