The Heart

Question 1

How many miles of blood vessel do you have in your body?

Answer 1

60,000

Question 2

Artery

Answer 2

• transports blood away from the heart to arterioles
• has thick muscular walls because it is under high pressure
• elastic tissue
• diameter changes from blood flow create pulse

Question 3

Arteriole

Answer 3

• transports blood away from artery to capillary

- thin walled

Question 4

Vein

Answer 4

• returns blood to the heart
• has thin walls because it undergoes little or no pressure
• larger diameter than arteries
• have valves to assist in return of blood (assisted by skeletal muscles)

Question 5

Venule

Answer 5

• carries blood from capillaries to veins and are thin walled

Question 6

Capillary

Answer 6

• one cell thick

- site of exchange between blood and the bodies cells (ex: O2, CO2, wastes, nutrients)

Question 7

Three pathways of blood flow

Answer 7

1. cardiac
2. systemic
3. pulmonary

Question 8

Sinoatrial node

Answer 8

acts as a pacemaker and sets the rhythm of the heart in beats per minute.

Question 9

Cardiac output

Answer 9

= heart rate x stroke volume
= 70 beats/min x 70mL/beat
= 4900mL/min

Question 10

Aorta

Answer 10

• largest artery in body

- carries oxygenated blood to the systemic pathway

Question 11

Right atrium

Answer 11

• collects deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena cava veins

Question 12

Left atrium

Answer 12

• collects oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein

Question 13

Right ventricle

Answer 13

• collects blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery to the lungs

Question 14

Left ventricle

Answer 14

• collects blood from the L atrium and pumps it into the aorta
• generates blood pressure

Question 15

Superior vena cava

Answer 15

• vein which returns the blood from the anterior portion of the body to the right atrium

Question 16

Inferior vena cava

Answer 16

• vein which returns blood from the posterior portion of the body to the R atrium

Question 17

Pulmonary artery

Answer 17

• carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the heart

Question 18

Pulmonary vein

Answer 18

• carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 19

Bicuspid (mitral/AV) valve

Answer 19

• controls flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle and prevents back flow

Question 20

Tricuspid (AV) valve

Answer 20

• controls flow of blood from right atrium to right ventricle and prevents back flow

Question 21

Semilunar valves

Answer 21

• found where blood leaves the ventricles and prevents back flow.

Question 22

Septum

Answer 22

• separates right and left ventricles.

Question 23

What causes the “lub dub” sound in the heart

Answer 23

the “lub” is caused by the atrioventricular valves closing, and the “dub” is created by the semilunar valves to the pulmonary artery and aorta closing.

Question 24

What blood vessel do you measure blood pressure from?

Answer 24

the artery

Question 25

Sphygmomanometer

Answer 25

the blood pressure cuff

Question 26

How is blood pressure measured and expressed?

Answer 26

• measured in mm of mercury
• expressed as a fraction (Ex: 120/80) where the numerator is the systolic pressure, and the denominator is the diastolic pressure

Question 27

Systolic pressure

Answer 27

the maximum pressure generated when the ventricles contract and the atria relax and fill with blood. This phase is called systole

Question 28

Diastolic pressure

Answer 28

the lowest pressure generated when the atria are contracting and the ventricles are relaxing and filling with blood. This phase is called diastole.

Question 29

Atherosclerosis

Answer 29

a tear causes deposits of plaques of fatty material on the inner blood vessel walls resulting in a heart attack or stroke

Question 30

Aneurism

Answer 30

enlargement of artery caused by weakness in arterial walls.