Human blood/ Immunology Flashcards
How many red blood cells does a drop of blood have?
300 million
How many white blood cells does a drop of blood have?
5,000
How many platelets does a drop of blood have?
200,000
How often do red blood cells die, and how many are created a second?
- RBC’s die every 120 days
- 2 million of them are created in a single second
What are the three main purposes of blood?
- transportation (O2, CO2, food, waste)
- regulation (body fluids, temperature)
- protection (fighting disease)
Components of blood
55% plasma, 44% RBC’s, and 1% WBC’s and platelets
Components of plasma
90% water, and 10% plasma proteins and nutrients, dissolves salts and gases, and metabolic waste.
Red blood cells/ Erythrocytes
made with hemoglobin to carry O2
White blood cells/ Leukocytes
fight infections and diseases
Platelets/ Thrombocytes
aid in blood clotting to prevent bleed out. Live for 2-8 days.
Sicklecell anemia
sickle looking blood cells that are immune to malaria, but who’s shape result in tears and blood clots, also resulting in a shortened lifespan. Is genetic.
Why are RBC’s bioconcave?
matured RBC’s lose their nucleus because they don’t need it, as their sole function is to transport O2. Also, it increases their surface area to carry hemoglobin.
What happens at the end of an RBC’s lifecycle?
removal of damaged and old cells takes place in the liver and spleen. Hemoglobin is released and reused in bone marrow to make more cells.
Anemia
decrease in number of RBC’s or hemoglobin in cells, both causing a decrease in the ability to carry oxygen.
How does partial pressure relate to the diffusion of CO2 and O2
since every place in the body has different partial pressure, since arterial blood has a higher concentration of oxygen, when reaching the capillaries, the oxygen is able to freely leave into the individual cells.
How does oxygen enter out bloodstream?
O2 dissolves in alveoli liquid and diffuses to alveoli cell to the capillary membrane and then into the blood plasma, where it is quickly picked up by hemoglobin.
Granulocytes
include neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils
- travel in circulation systems and perform phagocytosis.
- contain small granules in cytoplasm.
- neutrophils are the most common
Monocytes
- travel in circulation systems and perform phagocytosis
- live a few hours to a few days
- can leave bloodstream to become macrophages to destroy bacterial in the interstitial area
Lymphocytes
- the smallest white blood cell
- some produce proteins (antibodies) to aid in the control and destruction of pathogens and are found in the lymph nodes of lymphatic systems.
- die immediately after engulfing bacterial, and become pus.
Why do WBC’s have nucleus’?
they need a nucleus to produce antibodies, and need a brain in order to respond to invaders.
Lymphatic system
- network of vessles and glands that runs alongside circulatory system.
- carries a fluid called lymph
- also has nodes which contain maturing lymphocytes to be released when needed to fight infection and macrophages to destroy bacteria.
Where does interstitial fluid come from and where does it go?
- plasma escapes the capillaries and bathes tissue cells in needed fluid (interstitial fluid) eventually making its way tot he lymph vessels which take the fluid to large vessels near the heart and returns it to the circulatory system.
- localized infection will result in the swelling of nodes near the area as they produce the needed cells to fight the infection.
First line of defense
cilia, eyelashes, tears, stomach acid, and skin etc.
READ UP ON THE SECOND AND THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
DO IT NOW BRO
Where are platelets and RBC’s and WBC’s produced?
the bone marow
Do platelets contain a nucleus
no they do not
How do platelets work?
Once attracted to the site of bleeding, platelets rupture and release a substance which causes fibrinogen in plasma to become fibrin, and insoluble material that forms a mesh to trap blood cells and form a clot
Thrombus
a blood clot that seals a blood vessel and can be life threatening
Embolus
a dislodged thrombus that travels through the body and lodges in a vital organ
Hemophilia
disorder where blood is missing clotting factors.
I SWEAR STUDY BLOOD TYPING METHODS!!!!!!!!!!!
DO IT NOW BROOOO
