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AP II Final Exam > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

2/3 left of midsternal line

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2
Q

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium? (3)

A

protect

anchor to surrounding structures ie diaphragm, aorta, SVC, IVC

prevent overfilling

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3
Q

What is the epicardium consist of?

A

mesothelium, thin connective tissue

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4
Q

What does the myocardium consist of? (4)

A

contractile tissue

muscle cells

conduction system

fibrous skeleton

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5
Q

What does the endocardium consist of? (2)

A

valves

is continuous with the endothelium of vessels

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6
Q

What are the cross-striated cardiac muscle cells called?

A

myocytes

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7
Q

What are interconnected cells that form a network of spiral and circular bundles known as?

A

fibrous skeleton

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8
Q

What side of the heart supplies the pulmonary circuit and delivers deO2 blood to lungs?

A

right

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9
Q

Label:

A
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10
Q

What is the right AV valve?

What is the left AV valve?

A

tricuspid

bicuspid aka mitral

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11
Q

What are the semilunar valves and where are they located?

A

pulmonary valve in RV

aortic valve in LV

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12
Q

What phase is this?

A
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13
Q

What is the fibrous skeleton made of?

A

collagen

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14
Q

What is the function of the fibrous skeleton? (5)

A
  1. keeps orifices of 4 valves patent & prevents over distension
  2. provides attachment for cusps
  3. provides attachment for myocardium
  4. provides passage for AV conduction
  5. acts as an electrical insulator by separating atria & ventricles so they can contract independently
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15
Q

Where is the fibrous skeleton found?

A

rings around valves

membranous parts of interatrial and interventricular septa

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16
Q

Where does the right atrium receive deoxygenated blood from? (4)

A
  1. SVC
  2. IVC
  3. coronary sinus
  4. Thebesian vein
17
Q

What is the order of blood flow through the heart?

A

RA
Tricuspid valve
RV
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk
Left and right pulmonary arteries
Lungs
Pulmonary veins
LA
Bicuspid, mitral valve
LV
Aortic valve
Aorta
SVC and IVC
RA

18
Q

In the fetal heart, where is IVC flow directed?

A

fossa ovale

19
Q

What is the fetal vein and what is its function?

A

IVC

It carries O2 filled blood from the placenta so blood flows from RA to LA bypassing the lungs.

20
Q

Where is the ductus arteriosus found and what is its function?

A

Pulmonary artery vessel to aorta

Diverts blood from RV to directly to the aorta. It is also a shunt.

21
Q

Ductus arteriosus allows blood to flow to either into the: (2)

A

lungs

aorta

22
Q

Where does oxygenated blood for the fetus come from?

A

umbilical vein

IVC

23
Q

Most of the oxygenated blood reaching the heart via the umbilical vein and IVC is diverted through the foramen ovale and pumped out the aorta to the head. True or false?

A

true

24
Q

The deoxygenated blood returned via the SVC is mostly pumped through the pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus to the feet and the umbilical arteries. True or false?

A

true

25
Q

What does the coarctation of the aorta produce?

A

High bp in head

Low bp inferiorly

Note: It is a congenital defect.

26
Q

Identify:

RCA
Right marginal branch
LCA
Circumflex of LCA
Left marginal
Lateral branch of anterior interventricular artery
Left posterior IV artery

A
27
Q

Label

A
28
Q
A
29
Q

Where do the these drain?

great cardiac veins
middle cardiac veins
coronary sinus

A

anterior surgace

posterior surface

posterior wall of RA

30
Q

What parts of the heart does the following arteries supply?

RCA
Right marginal branch
Right posterior intraventricular branch

A

RA

RA, RV

posterior RV

31
Q

What parts of the heart does the following arteries supply?

LCA
Left circumflex
Left posterior interventricular branch

A

LA

LA and posterior LV

anterior wall, ventricles, IV septum

AP II Final Exam (11 decks)

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