Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP II Final Exam > Cardiovascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functiions of blood? (5)

A

transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues

forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss

carrying cells and antibodies that fight infection

bringing waste products to the kidneys and liver, which filter and clean the blood

regulating body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does blood arise from?

A

hemocytoblasts in:

spongy bone marrow of femur, humerus, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the plasma comprised of? (5)

A
  • Water 90%
  • Proteins: albumin, antibiodies, clotting factors
  • Electrolytes: Na, K, Cl, Ca
  • Hormones
  • Nutrients & wastes: uric acid, nitrogen, creatinine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of blood labs do we take? (3)

A

CBC complete blood count

BMP basic metabolic panel

Differential: detailed WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of stem cell exists in the bone marrow?

A

Pluripotent

Note: Which then can become a myeloid or a lymphoid stem cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are characteristics of erythrocytes? (4)

A

anucleate

are end products and do not reproduce

transport O2 and CO2 on Hb

comprise 45% of blood volume = Hct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are characteristics of leukocytes? (3)

A

protect body against bacteria, viruses, toxins

diapedesis: WBC can leave capillaries, go into tissue (ie. inflammation)

have amoeboid motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does differential count (%) comprise of?

A

granulocytes (-phil)

agranulocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the types of granulocytes? (3)

A

Eosinophils– red granules

Basophils– blue granules, release histamine, heparin

Neutrophils (40-70%)– non staining, produce bleach and hydrogen peroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the types of agranulocytes?

A

Lymphocytes (30%)– T and B cells

Monocytes– high counts in chronic infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do the monocytes turn into?

A

macrophages

dendritic cells produce antigen presenting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thromobocytes, ie. platelets are NOT cells but rather cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocyte. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some functions of the thrombocytes?

A

Make platelet factor for clot formation

Release serotonin

Vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the characteristics of plasma? (4)

A

Yellow colored

55% of total blood volume

90% is water

10% is protein, electrolyte, nutrients, vitamins, waste, hormones, gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Identify the layers of vasculature:

A
  1. Tunica adventitia–connective tissue, contains vaso vasorum
  2. Tunica media– elastin and smooth muscle (alpha receptors), thickest in arteries
  3. Tunica intima– 1 cell layer thick
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the tunica adventitia thickest?

Where is the tunica media thickest?

A

in the veins

in the arteries

Note: Tunica intima is the only layer in capillaries.

17
Q

The elastic vasculature is found mainly where?

The muscular vasculature is found mainly where?

A

Largest arteries like the aorta.

Medium arteries like the brachial, radial, and tibial.

18
Q

What are characteristics of the arterioles? (2)

A

Tunica media is 2-3 cell layers thick.

They are the resistance vessels that play major role in distribution and regulation of BP.

19
Q

In the venules, the tunica media is not present. True or false?

A

false

May or may not be present. If present, may be very thin.

20
Q

What are capacitance vessels capable of holding a large volume of blood with little pressure change?

A

veins

Note: Veins are a reservoir of 60% of blood volume.

21
Q

What is the order of systemic circulation?

A

Left heart

Aorta- arteries

Arterioles

Capillaries

Venules

IVC/SVC

Right heart

22
Q

What is the order of pulmonary circulation?

A

Right heart

Pulmonary arteries

Pulmonary arterioles

Pulmonary capillaries

Pulmonary venules

Pulmonary veins

Left heart

23
Q

What is the circulation of the aorta?

Ascending
Aortic arch
Descending aorta

A

Coronary arteries

Head, neck, upper limbs

Thorax, abdomen, lower limbs

24
Q

Label

A
25
Q

What are the pulmonary capillaries’ function? (3)

A
  1. gas exchange
  2. production and metabolism of biochemicals ie serotonin, norepinephirine
  3. conversion of inactive to active biochemicals ie angiotensin I to Angio II by ACE
26
Q

What are the sensory visceral afferents?

A

pain from organs

stretch receptors from bladder distension, full stomach

27
Q

What are the motor (visceral) efferents? (3)

A

smooth muscle– GI, bronchioles, tunica media of vessels

cardiac myocytes

glands

28
Q

Sympathetic motor division is what spinal region?

Parasympathetic motor division is what spinal region?

A

thoracolumbar: alpha, beta, epi, norepi, dopamine
craniosacral: ACh, muscarinic, nicotinic

29
Q

What effects does sympathetic system have on vasculature?

What effect does the parasympathetic system have?

A

alpha vasoconstriction of tunica media

beta vasodilation of skeletal muscle

Parasympathetic has no effect because doesn’t innervate, but sumpathetic system is unopposed

30
Q

What receptor causes vasoconstriction of the tunica media?

A

alpha

31
Q

Alpha receptor is responsible for what neural controls?

A

Vasoconstriction: TM
iris dilation
intestinal relaxation
intestinal sphinctercontraction
bladder sphincter contraction

32
Q

Beta receptors are responsible for what type of neural controls?

A

cardioacceleration (b1): myocytes
vasodilation (b2)
intestinal relaxation
uterus relaxation
bronchodilation (b2)

33
Q

Activity of the receptors cause decrease in BP:

A

decrease in alpha

increase in beta

34
Q

What other influences affect bp venous return? (4)

A

Breathing
Ventilator
Valsalva
Laparoscopic insufflation

35
Q

Where is the vasomotor and cardiac center in the brain?

A

medulla

AP II Final Exam (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions