The Heart

Question 1

System with circulating fluid within body mixed with other bodily fluids

Answer 1

OCS

Question 2

System where blood flowing throughout the body is confined to vessels (i.e. Arteries and veins)

Answer 2

CCS

Question 3

Function of circulatory system.

Answer 3

1) Bring nutrients and O2 to tissues (diffusion) 2) Remove waste (diffusion) 3) Control body temp.

Question 4

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 4

Circulation of blood from right heart, to lung, and back to left heart (oxygenated blood)

Question 5

Systemic Circulation

Answer 5

Circulation of blood from the left heart (oxygenated blood) to the rest of the body (and then back to the right heart)

Question 6

The path blood follows from right heart the the left heart.

Answer 6

Right atrium, Right ventricle, Pulmonary Veins, Lungs (then the Left atrium)

Question 7

Path of blood from Left heart to Right heart

Answer 7

1) Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Aorta, Branching Arteries (then arterioles, then capillaries)
2) Deoxygenated blood then goes back to venules, then larger veins, Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava (then back to right heart)

Question 8

Arteries

Answer 8

Carry blood away from heart

Question 9

Veins

Answer 9

Carry blood to heart and lungs (i.e. Pulmonary vein)

Question 10

Phase of the heartbeat when the ventricles contract (and blood is pumped to pulmonary vein/aorta).

Question 11

Phase of the heartbeat where the ventricles relax.

Question 12

Artery between upper and lower arm (where stethoscope is located when BP is being taken)

Question 13

What happens when Blood Pressure is taken?

Answer 13

1) Cuff is inflated above arterial systolic pressure
2) “Tapping.

Question 14

Describe Structure of arteries.

Question 15

Purpose of elastic fibers in arteries.

Answer 15

1) Elastic:

Question 16

Cells that line lumen of the blood vessels

Question 17

Atherosclerosis

Question 18

Hardening of the arteries.

Question 19

Four components that control the circulatory system.

Answer 19

1) Sympathetic System
2) Parasympathetic System
3) Humoral System (i.e. Negative feedback of hormones)

Question 20

Arteries branch into _______. Why are these important?

Question 21

Diffusion takes place at the level of ___________.

Question 22

Describe structure of capillaries.

Answer 22

1)

Question 23

Entrance of the capillary bed.

Answer 23

Precapillary sphincter (composed of smooth muscle to help regulate blood flow into the area)

Question 24

Once the blood flows through the capillaries and reaches the _______, the blood pressure is reduced. These are 2 cm² larger than arteries.

Answer 24

1) Veins
2) Reduced smooth muscle and elastic tissue

Question 25

Veins are controlled by ______ nerves.

Question 26

One way valves that prevent blood from flowing backwards.

Question 27

Result of damage to specialized valves, which causes blood to flow backwards, increasing pressure in veins.

Question 28

Describe blood flow in the heart.

Question 29

Atrialventricular valves

Question 30

Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 31

Valve between left ventricle and aorta

Question 32

Purpose of the atrioventricular valves.

Question 33

“Dub” sound during a heartbeat.

Question 34

SA and AV nodes

Question 35

What happens when SA node is damaged?

Question 36

What monitors and controls blood pressure?

Question 37

What happens when BP is decreased?

Answer 37

1) baroreceptors detect that there is less arterial pressure (and stretch on arterial walls)
2) baroreceptor sends impulses to medulla, which activates sympathetic nervous system
3) Impulses are sent from medulla via sympathetic nerves, which release norepinephrine at SA node to increase HR
4) SNS also stimulate adrenal medulla to release epinephrine to also increase HR.

Togethether, these both increase HR, which result in an increase if contractions of the heart and increased BP.