The Heart

Question 1

Structures of the heart

Answer 1

1. Superior vena cave
2. Inferior vena cava
3. Right atrium
4. Tricuspid valve
5. Right ventricle
6. Pulmonary valve
7. Pulmonary artery
8. Pulmonary veins
9. Left atrium
10. Bicuspid valve
11. Left ventricle
12. Aortic valve
13. Aorta
14. Papillary muscles
15. Chordae tendineae

Question 2

What is the myocardium?

Answer 2

The muscular wall of the heart

Question 3

Function of the myocardium

Answer 3

Contracts to force blood out of the heart to the lungs/body

Question 4

What is the pericardium?

Answer 4

Smooth outer membrane of myocardium

Question 5

Function of the pericardium

Answer 5

Lubricates heart to prevent friction during heart activity

Question 6

3 stages in the cardiac cycle

Answer 6

1. Diastole
2. Atrial systole
3. Ventricular systole

Question 7

Describe diastole

Answer 7

1. Both the atria and ventricles are relaxed
2. So the atria and ventricles fill passively
3. Atrioventricular valves are open
4. Semi-lunar valves are closed

Question 8

Describe atrial systole

Answer 8

1. Semi-lunar valves are closed
2. Atrioventricular valves are open
3. The atria contracts, forcing blood into the ventricles

Question 9

Describe ventricular systole

Answer 9

1. Ventricles contract simultaneously
2. Atrioventricular valves are closed
3. Semi-lunar valves are open
4. Blood enters the pulmonary artery and the aorta

Question 10

Cardiac output equation

Answer 10

Q = SV x HR

Question 11

Cardiac output definition

Answer 11

The volume of blood pumped by the heart in a minute

Question 12

What causes the heart to contract?

Answer 12

1. The sino-atrial node generates an impulse
2. This causes atrial excitation & contraction
3. The impulse is delayed at the atrioventricular node
4. The impulse is passed to the apex of the heart through the bundles of His
5. Impulse is transmitted to the Purkinje fibres
6. This causes ventricular excitation & contraction