Arthrology and Muscles Flashcards
Action of the pectorals
- flexion
- internal rotation
- adduction
Action of the gracillis
- hip adduction
Action of the hamstrings
- knee flexion
Action of the quadriceps
- knee extension
Action of the gastrocnemius
- plantar flexion of the foot
- flexion of the knee
Action of the tibialis anterior
- dorsiflexion of the foot
Action of the biceps
- flexion of the elbow
Action of the triceps
- extension of the elbow
Action of the deltoids
- flexion of the shoulder/humerus
- extension of the shoulder/humerus
- abduction of the shoulder/humerus
Action of latissimus dorsi
- adduction of the shoulder/humerus
Action of the abdominals
- flexion of the lumbar spine
Action of the erector spinae
- extension of the lumbar spine
Action of the hip flexors
- hip flexion
Action of the gluteus maximus
- hip extension
Action of the gluteus medius
- external rotation of the hip
- hip abduction
Action of the gluteus minimus
- hip adduction
- internal rotation of the hip
Joints classified by movement
- Synarthroses
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses
Joints classified by structure
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Feature of diarthroses/synovial joints
- freely movable
- multi-directional ROM
- bones in joint separated by joint cavity
- lubricated by synovial fluid
Structural characteristics of synovial joints
- Articular cartilage
- Articular capsule
- Synovial fluid
- Reinforcing ligaments
Function of articular cartilage in synovial joints
Provides loading and unloading mechanism for support and shock absorption
Function of articular capsule in synovial joints
Sleeve of fibrous tissue for protection
Features of the articular capsule in synovial joints
- highly innervated
- avascular (lacking blood and lymph vessels)
Function of synovial fluid in synovial joints
- lubricant and shock absorber
- reduces friction between cartilage and other tissues in joint
- less viscous as intensity of exercise increases
- cushions joint during movement
