Arthrology and Muscles

Question 1

Action of the pectorals

Answer 1

• flexion
• internal rotation
• adduction

Question 2

Action of the gracillis

Answer 2

• hip adduction

Question 3

Action of the hamstrings

Answer 3

• knee flexion

Question 4

Action of the quadriceps

Answer 4

• knee extension

Question 5

Action of the gastrocnemius

Answer 5

• plantar flexion of the foot

- flexion of the knee

Question 6

Action of the tibialis anterior

Answer 6

• dorsiflexion of the foot

Question 7

Action of the biceps

Answer 7

• flexion of the elbow

Question 8

Action of the triceps

Answer 8

• extension of the elbow

Question 9

Action of the deltoids

Answer 9

• flexion of the shoulder/humerus
• extension of the shoulder/humerus
• abduction of the shoulder/humerus

Question 10

Action of latissimus dorsi

Answer 10

• adduction of the shoulder/humerus

Question 11

Action of the abdominals

Answer 11

• flexion of the lumbar spine

Question 12

Action of the erector spinae

Answer 12

• extension of the lumbar spine

Question 13

Action of the hip flexors

Answer 13

• hip flexion

Question 14

Action of the gluteus maximus

Answer 14

• hip extension

Question 15

Action of the gluteus medius

Answer 15

• external rotation of the hip

- hip abduction

Question 16

Action of the gluteus minimus

Answer 16

• hip adduction

- internal rotation of the hip

Question 17

Joints classified by movement

Answer 17

1. Synarthroses
2. Amphiarthroses
3. Diarthroses

Question 18

Joints classified by structure

Answer 18

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial

Question 19

Feature of diarthroses/synovial joints

Answer 19

• freely movable
• multi-directional ROM
• bones in joint separated by joint cavity
• lubricated by synovial fluid

Question 20

Structural characteristics of synovial joints

Answer 20

1. Articular cartilage
2. Articular capsule
3. Synovial fluid
4. Reinforcing ligaments

Question 21

Function of articular cartilage in synovial joints

Answer 21

Provides loading and unloading mechanism for support and shock absorption

Question 22

Function of articular capsule in synovial joints

Answer 22

Sleeve of fibrous tissue for protection

Question 23

Features of the articular capsule in synovial joints

Answer 23

• highly innervated

- avascular (lacking blood and lymph vessels)

Question 24

Function of synovial fluid in synovial joints

Answer 24

• lubricant and shock absorber
• reduces friction between cartilage and other tissues in joint
• less viscous as intensity of exercise increases
• cushions joint during movement

Question 25

Function of reinforcing ligaments in synovial joints

Answer 25

Reinforces strength of joint

Question 26

Name the 6 synovial joints

Answer 26

1. Ball-and-socket
2. Condyloid
3. Saddle
4. Pivot
5. Hinge
6. Gliding/Plane

Question 27

Example of a saddle joint

Answer 27

Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Question 28

Examples of a ball and socket joint

Answer 28

• hip

- shoulder

Question 29

Example of a condyloid joint

Answer 29

Radiocarpal joint

Question 30

Examples of a hinge joint

Answer 30

• knee

- elbow

Question 31

Example of a pivot joint

Answer 31

Between C1 and C2 in neck

Question 32

Exmple of a gliding/plane joint

Answer 32

Between carpal bones in wrist and tarsal bones in ankle