The Heart

Question 1

Factors for a replacement valve:

Answer 1

It doesn’t cause clotting, it isn’t rejected, it doesn’t leak

Question 2

What tissue is the heart made of:

Answer 2

Muscle

Question 3

2 risk factors for coronary heart disease:

Answer 3

Smoking, high fat diet

Question 4

What do pacemaker cells do:

Answer 4

Send out electrical impulses to make the heart muscles contract

Question 5

Describe the passage of blood through the body:

Answer 5

The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium. The right atrium contracts, pushing the blood to the right ventricle, past a valve, which prevents backflow. The right ventricle contracts, pushing the blood through the pulmonary artery that goes to the lungs through a valve. In the lungs, the blood becomes oxygenated, and reenters the heart through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium. The left atrium contracts, pushing the blood through a valve to the left ventricle. This contracts, pushing the blood through the aorta to the rest of the body.

Question 6

What is coronary heart disease:

Answer 6

When arteries get blocked so blood flow is reduced and the heart doesn’t get enough oxygen which could lead to a heart attack.

Question 7

What is a stent:

Answer 7

A metal mesh that keeps the artery open

Question 8

How is the stent put in place:

Answer 8

It is sent through the bloodstream inside a balloon 🎈 and the balloon is popped, leaving the stent in place.

Question 9

Advantages of stents:

Answer 9

No general anaesthetic, works for a long time

Question 10

Disadvantages of stents:

Answer 10

They are expensive 💷, there is a risk of complications because surgery

Question 11

What are statins:

Answer 11

Drugs 🚬

Question 12

What do statins do:

Answer 12

Reduce ‘bad’ cholesterol

Question 13

Advantages of statins:

Answer 13

They reduce the risk of strokes, increase a ‘better’ type of cholesterol, may be able to cure other stuff too

Question 14

Disadvantages of statins:

Answer 14

Long term medication💊, only reduce the amount, some side effects, not instant

Question 15

What is an artificial heart ❤️:

Answer 15

Mechanical devices that pump blood

Question 16

Advantages of artificial hearts ♥️:

Answer 16

Unlikely to be rejected and keeps you alive

Question 17

Disadvantages of artificial hearts ♥️:

Answer 17

Temporary, doesn’t work as well, infection risk, could wear out/fail, have to take drugs💊 to thin your blood

Question 18

What is an artificial heart valve:

Answer 18

They replace leaky valves

Question 19

What are the 2 types of artificial valves:

Answer 19

Biological and man-made

Question 20

What are the advantages of biological valves:

Answer 20

You don’t have to take medication

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of biological valves:

Answer 21

They only last 12 to 15 years

Question 22

What are biological valves made of:

Answer 22

Pig 🐷 , cattle 🐮 or human 😨valves

Question 23

What are the advantages of mechanical valves:

Answer 23

They last a long time

Question 24

What are the disadvantages of mechanical valves:

Answer 24

You need to take medication 💊

Question 25

What are mechanical valves made of:

Answer 25

Titanium or polymer

Question 26

What is artificial blood:

Answer 26

Artificial blood is a substitute, like a salt solution it gives the body time to produce blood cells

Question 27

What are the advantages of artificial blood:

Answer 27

You can store it for a long time, it is sterilisable, there is no need to match blood types

Question 28

What are the disadvantages of artificial blood:

Answer 28

There can be side-effects, it’s expensive💷, it is quicker to break down

Question 29

What are artificial pacemakers:

Answer 29

They correct irregularities in the heart rate and send electrical ⚡️impulses to your heart to make it beat

Question 30

Advantages to artificial pacemakers:

Answer 30

They only work when they need to

Question 31

Disadvantages to artificial pacemakers:

Answer 31

They need regular check ups

Question 32

What is bypass surgery:

Answer 32

When a surgeon replaces blockages with bits of vein from elsewhere in your body

Question 33

What are advantages to bypass surgery:

Answer 33

It works all the time🕑

Question 34

What are the disadvantages to bypass surgery:

Answer 34

It’s expensive 💷and you need general anaesthetic