The Heart

Question 1

____% of the heart is located to the _____ of midline.

Answer 1

60% to the left of the midline

Question 2

The apex points where?

Answer 2

To the left of midline

Question 3

The heart is tilted approximately _____

Answer 3

45 degrees

Question 4

The heart is situated approximately between the ______.

Answer 4

3rd and 6th ribs

Question 5

The heart is under the protection of the _____

Answer 5

Ribs

Question 6

The heart is rotated on its axis so that some of the _____ and _____ can be seen from the left side.

Answer 6

Right auricle and right ventricle

Question 7

The heart is located within this thoracic cavity division:

Answer 7

Mediastinum

Question 8

The heart is surrounded by layers of connective tissue/serous membrane collectively called _____

Answer 8

Pericardia (Pericardium)

Question 9

The innermost layer of connective tissue surrounding the heart itself is called _____

Answer 9

Visceral pericardium (epicardium)

Question 10

The gap between the visceral pericardium layer and the parietal pericardium layer is given the name:

Answer 10

Pericardial cavity

Question 11

Two layers of the pericardium

Answer 11

Serous and fibrous pericardium

Question 12

The parietal layer of the pericardium adheres to the _____

Answer 12

Fibrous pericardium

Question 13

Clinically, the pericardium is a sac covering the heart. It is formed by the _____ covering the heart and the fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium adhered together into a single thick membrane.

Answer 13

Mediastinal pleura

Question 14

Name the layers of the heart starting from the layer adhered most closely to the heart and working out to the outermost pleura in the thoracic cavity.

Answer 14

1. Heart (with endocardium and myocardium)
2. Visceral pericardium
3. pericardial cavity
4. parietal pericardium
5. fibrous pericardium
6. mediastinal pleura
7. pleural cavity

Question 15

3 layers of pericardium that are adhered together

Answer 15

1. Parietal pericardium
2. Fibrous pericardium
3. Mediastinal pleura

Question 16

Name the 6 great vessels of the heart

Answer 16

1. Aorta
2. cranial vena cava
3. caudal vena cava
4. azygos vein
5. pulmonary trunk
6. pulmonary vein

Question 17

15

Answer 17

Cranial vena cava

Question 18

16

Answer 18

Caudal vena cava

Question 19

17

Answer 19

Pulmonary trunk and vein

Question 20

18

Answer 20

Azygos vein

Question 21

The structures entering the right atrium include:

Answer 21

Cranial and caudal vena cava

Azygos vein

Coronary sinus (blood returning from heart muscle)

Question 22

Structures seen on atrial surface:

Answer 22

Right atrium

Right auricle

Coronary groove

Question 23

3 major grooves of the heart

Answer 23

1. Coronary groove
2. Paraconal interventricular groove
3. Subsinuosal interventricular groove

Question 24

3/5 of blood in fetal circulation passes through the _____

Answer 24

Foramen ovale

Question 25

_____ is the remnant of the foramen ovale

Answer 25

Fossa ovalis