Horse: Hoof, Thorax, Abdomen

Question 1

How many pairs of ribs does a horse have?

Answer 1

18

Question 2

Between what ribs is the heart located?

Answer 2

3-6

Question 3

Basal border of the lung

Answer 3

6-11-16

Question 4

Line of pleural refelction

Answer 4

8–9-17

Question 5

Boundaries for lung auscultation triangle?

Answer 5

Cranial: line connecting caudal angle of scapula and point of elbow
Dorsal: line parallel to epaxial muscles
Caudoventral: basal border of lung

Question 6

How many lobes are present on each lung? Names?

Answer 6

Left: 2 lobes; cranial and caudal
Right: 3 lobes; cranial, caudal, accessory

Question 7

An inflammatory response in what tissue/organ can compress the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and lead to roaring?

Answer 7

Tracheobronchial lymph node

Question 8

Potential space between costal and diaphragmatic pleura?

Answer 8

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 9

What are the openings in the diaphragm? What passes through each?

Answer 9

Aortic hiatus: aorta, thoracic duct, right azygous vein
Esophageal hiatus: esophagus, dorsal and ventral vagal trunks
Caval foramen: caudal vena cava

Question 10

Junction of hoof wall and sole

Answer 10

White line

Question 11

Laminitis: Inflammation of the ________ that leads to destruction of the union between ____ & ____

Answer 11

Dermal laminae

Hoof wall & PIII (Coffin bone)

Question 12

Junction of skin and hoof wall

Answer 12

Coronet

Question 13

What structure attaches the heart to the sternum?

Answer 13

Sternopericardiac ligament

Question 14

Two locations for thoracocentesis in horse?

Answer 14

Lower 7th ICS; High 13th ICS

Question 15

Where is the vascular bundle located relative to each rib?

Answer 15

Caudal border

Question 16

What structure must you be careful to avoid during thoracocentesis?

Answer 16

Superficial thoracic vein (spur vein)

Question 17

Name 4 structures that pass through thoracic inlet?

Answer 17

esophagus, trachea, common carotid arteries, vagosympathetic trunks

Question 18

4 potential impaction sites?

Answer 18

1) Cecocolic junction
2) Pelvic flexure
3) btwn R dorsal colon & transverse colon
4) Ileum into base of cecum

Question 19

What rib is landmark for start of the cardia when passing a nasogastric tube?

Answer 19

11th rib

Question 20

What structure can be heard in RIGHT paralumbar fossa?

Answer 20

Base of cecum

Question 21

Which structure is best auscultated over LEFT paralumbar fossa?

Answer 21

Small (descending) colon

Question 22

What structure separates left liver lobe and quadrate lobe?

Answer 22

Falciform ligament

Question 23

T/F: Relative to size, the foals’ liver is LARGER than in the adult

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What two structures can be found in cranial duodenal flexure?

Answer 24

major and minor duodenal papillae

Question 25

What structures open into major duodenal papillae? Minor?

Answer 25

Major: Bile duct; major pancreatic duct Minor: accessory pancreatic duct

Question 26

What separates glandular and non-glandular stomach?

Answer 26

Margo plicatus

Question 27

What kidney structure is unique to horses?

Answer 27

Terminal recess

Question 28

Which artery supplies ventral colon?

Answer 28

Colic br of ileocolic artery

Question 29

Which artery supplies dorsal colon?

Answer 29

Right colic artery

Question 30

What is the heave line?

Answer 30

musculoaponeurotic junction of EAO muscle; becomes exaggerated with "heaves"

Question 31

What two factors cause the horse to rarely vomit?

Answer 31

1) thick cardiac sphincter | 2) acute angle at which esophagus enters stomach

Question 32

1) connects cecum to right ventral colon | 2) connects ileum to cecum

Answer 32

1) cecocolic fold | 2) ileocecal fold

Question 33

Dorsal and ventral borders of epiploic foramen?

Answer 33

Dorsal: caudal vena cava Ventral: portal vein

Question 34

Structures the t ligament separates

Answer 34

Navicular bursa, coffin joint capsule, flexor tendon sheath

Question 35

Grooves on either side of frog are called? What is infection here called?

Answer 35

Paracuneal sulci | Thrush

Question 36

Two structures (fetlock and below) important for holding digital flexor in place?

Answer 36

Palmar annualar ligament | Proximal digital annular ligament

Question 37

Out pouching of pleura past first rib

Answer 37

Cupula pleura

Question 38

Cranial borders for 1) paralumbar fossa 2) epiploic foramen

Answer 38

1) Last rib (18) | 2) Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 39

Main blood supply to digit?

Answer 39

Medial palmar artery

Question 40

1) bone growth prox/distal to fetlock joint | 2) bone growth prox/distal to coffin joint

Answer 40

1) High ringbone | 2) Low ringbone

Question 41

What can be found in stratum medium?

Answer 41

Horn tubules