Horse: Hoof, Thorax, Abdomen Flashcards
How many pairs of ribs does a horse have?
18
Between what ribs is the heart located?
3-6
Basal border of the lung
6-11-16
Line of pleural refelction
8–9-17
Boundaries for lung auscultation triangle?
Cranial: line connecting caudal angle of scapula and point of elbow
Dorsal: line parallel to epaxial muscles
Caudoventral: basal border of lung
How many lobes are present on each lung? Names?
Left: 2 lobes; cranial and caudal
Right: 3 lobes; cranial, caudal, accessory
An inflammatory response in what tissue/organ can compress the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and lead to roaring?
Tracheobronchial lymph node
Potential space between costal and diaphragmatic pleura?
Costodiaphragmatic recess
What are the openings in the diaphragm? What passes through each?
Aortic hiatus: aorta, thoracic duct, right azygous vein
Esophageal hiatus: esophagus, dorsal and ventral vagal trunks
Caval foramen: caudal vena cava
Junction of hoof wall and sole
White line
Laminitis: Inflammation of the ________ that leads to destruction of the union between ____ & ____
Dermal laminae
Hoof wall & PIII (Coffin bone)
Junction of skin and hoof wall
Coronet
What structure attaches the heart to the sternum?
Sternopericardiac ligament
Two locations for thoracocentesis in horse?
Lower 7th ICS; High 13th ICS
Where is the vascular bundle located relative to each rib?
Caudal border
What structure must you be careful to avoid during thoracocentesis?
Superficial thoracic vein (spur vein)
Name 4 structures that pass through thoracic inlet?
esophagus, trachea, common carotid arteries, vagosympathetic trunks
4 potential impaction sites?
1) Cecocolic junction
2) Pelvic flexure
3) btwn R dorsal colon & transverse colon
4) Ileum into base of cecum
What rib is landmark for start of the cardia when passing a nasogastric tube?
11th rib
What structure can be heard in RIGHT paralumbar fossa?
Base of cecum
Which structure is best auscultated over LEFT paralumbar fossa?
Small (descending) colon
What structure separates left liver lobe and quadrate lobe?
Falciform ligament
T/F: Relative to size, the foals’ liver is LARGER than in the adult
True
What two structures can be found in cranial duodenal flexure?
major and minor duodenal papillae
What structures open into major duodenal papillae? Minor?
Major: Bile duct; major pancreatic duct
Minor: accessory pancreatic duct
What separates glandular and non-glandular stomach?
Margo plicatus
What kidney structure is unique to horses?
Terminal recess
Which artery supplies ventral colon?
Colic br of ileocolic artery
Which artery supplies dorsal colon?
Right colic artery
What is the heave line?
musculoaponeurotic junction of EAO muscle; becomes exaggerated with “heaves”
What two factors cause the horse to rarely vomit?
1) thick cardiac sphincter
2) acute angle at which esophagus enters stomach
1) connects cecum to right ventral colon
2) connects ileum to cecum
1) cecocolic fold
2) ileocecal fold
Dorsal and ventral borders of epiploic foramen?
Dorsal: caudal vena cava
Ventral: portal vein
Structures the t ligament separates
Navicular bursa, coffin joint capsule, flexor tendon sheath
Grooves on either side of frog are called? What is infection here called?
Paracuneal sulci
Thrush
Two structures (fetlock and below) important for holding digital flexor in place?
Palmar annualar ligament
Proximal digital annular ligament
Out pouching of pleura past first rib
Cupula pleura
Cranial borders for 1) paralumbar fossa 2) epiploic foramen
1) Last rib (18)
2) Hepatoduodenal ligament
Main blood supply to digit?
Medial palmar artery
1) bone growth prox/distal to fetlock joint
2) bone growth prox/distal to coffin joint
1) High ringbone
2) Low ringbone
What can be found in stratum medium?
Horn tubules
