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anatomy > The heart > Flashcards

The heart Flashcards

1
Q

the heart is enclosed within a double walled membranous sac called

A

the pericardium

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2
Q

What does the outer layer of the pericardium consist of

A

Tough, fibrous connective tissue that protects and anchors the heart

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3
Q

How many tissue layers is the heart composed of

A

3

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4
Q

What is the epicardium

A

Outermost layer that is part of the inner layer of the pericardium

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5
Q

What is the myocardium

A

Middle layer composed of cardiac muscle

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6
Q

What is the endocardium

A

Inner most layer composed of simple squamous epithelium

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7
Q

What is the atrium

A

Upper chamber
Are thin walled filled with blood from the veins

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8
Q

What is the ventricle

A

A chamber in the heart

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9
Q

There are two types of valves to allow the blood flows to the heart in one direction. What are they

A

Atrioventricular valves (AV valve)
Semilunar valves

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10
Q

What does AV valve do

A

forms a valve between the atrium and the ventricle

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11
Q

What does the semilunar valves do

A

forms a valve between the ventricle and the artery

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12
Q

What is pulmonary circulation

A

takes deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs to get oxygen and then returns to the heart

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13
Q

what is systemic circulation

A

Oxygenated blood is pumped around the body and deoxygenated blood is returned

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14
Q

What do large blood vessels do

A

Drain blood into and out of the heart

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15
Q

what do veins do

A

bring blood to the heart

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16
Q

what do arteries do

A

Take blood away from the heart

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17
Q

Blood comes from the body and enters through the

A

right atrium through the vena cava (superior and inferior)

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18
Q

Blood moves through to the right ventricle and is pumped out the lungs through the

A

pulmonary arteries

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19
Q

what does the heart have that ensures it has a constant supply of oxygenated blood

A

Coronary circuit

20
Q

What is the cardiac cycle

A

Events that occur from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next

21
Q

Cardiac cycle encompasses two phases, what are these

A

diastole and systole

22
Q

What is diastole

A

Ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood

23
Q

What is systole

A

the phase of ventricular contraction of the heart

24
Q

varicose veins are large bulging, twisting veins due to pooling of blood, what causes this to occur

A

Damage to the valves in the veins

25
Q

What is the major arteries found in the neck

A

carotid arteries

26
Q

What are the functions of lymph nodes

A

Activation of immune system

27
Q

What are functions of the pericardium

A

Protects the heart, decreases friction for heart movement

28
Q

What are the steps of blood clotting

A

vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
coagulation

29
Q

what are functions of blood

A

regulation of body temperature, transportation of substances around the body, prevention of blood loss and infection

30
Q

what is systole

A

the phase of ventricular contraction of the heart

31
Q

where are the popliteal nodes located

A

behind the knee

32
Q

where is the great saphenous vein found

A

in the lower limb

33
Q

what is the function of red blood cells

A

transport oxygen to the cells of the body

34
Q

which layer of the heart wall is composed of cardiac muscle tissue

A

myocardium

35
Q

which of the following blood vessels connects to the right ventricle of the heart

A

pulmonary trunk

36
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels

A

arteries
capillaries
veins

37
Q

arteries and veins have 3 layers, what are they

A

endothelium
smooth muscle
protective connective tissue

38
Q

what do arteries do

A

carry blood away from the heart
deal with high pressure blood pressure

39
Q

what do capillaries do

A

exchange of oxygen and nutrients

40
Q

What do veins do

A

return blood to the heart

41
Q

what are varicose veins

A

enlarged bulgy twisted veins that occur due to damage in the valves in the veins allowing pooling of the blood

42
Q

Blood pressure is determined by what E factors

A

cardiac output
resistance to blood flow

43
Q

what is cardiac output

A

the volume of blood pumped from it of the left ventricle each minute

44
Q

What does resistance to blood flow cause

A

an increase in blood pressure

45
Q

what does the brain do if blood pressure rises

A

increase parasympathetic nerve signal’s to the heart and blood vessels

46
Q

what happens if blood pressure falls

A

the brain will increase sympathetic nerve signals and the kidneys will release a hormone called renin

anatomy (7 decks)

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