The heart Flashcards
the heart is enclosed within a double walled membranous sac called
the pericardium
What does the outer layer of the pericardium consist of
Tough, fibrous connective tissue that protects and anchors the heart
How many tissue layers is the heart composed of
3
What is the epicardium
Outermost layer that is part of the inner layer of the pericardium
What is the myocardium
Middle layer composed of cardiac muscle
What is the endocardium
Inner most layer composed of simple squamous epithelium
What is the atrium
Upper chamber
Are thin walled filled with blood from the veins
What is the ventricle
A chamber in the heart
There are two types of valves to allow the blood flows to the heart in one direction. What are they
Atrioventricular valves (AV valve)
Semilunar valves
What does AV valve do
forms a valve between the atrium and the ventricle
What does the semilunar valves do
forms a valve between the ventricle and the artery
What is pulmonary circulation
takes deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs to get oxygen and then returns to the heart
what is systemic circulation
Oxygenated blood is pumped around the body and deoxygenated blood is returned
What do large blood vessels do
Drain blood into and out of the heart
what do veins do
bring blood to the heart
what do arteries do
Take blood away from the heart
Blood comes from the body and enters through the
right atrium through the vena cava (superior and inferior)
Blood moves through to the right ventricle and is pumped out the lungs through the
pulmonary arteries
what does the heart have that ensures it has a constant supply of oxygenated blood
Coronary circuit
What is the cardiac cycle
Events that occur from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next
Cardiac cycle encompasses two phases, what are these
diastole and systole
What is diastole
Ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood
What is systole
the phase of ventricular contraction of the heart
varicose veins are large bulging, twisting veins due to pooling of blood, what causes this to occur
Damage to the valves in the veins
What is the major arteries found in the neck
carotid arteries
What are the functions of lymph nodes
Activation of immune system
What are functions of the pericardium
Protects the heart, decreases friction for heart movement
What are the steps of blood clotting
vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
coagulation
what are functions of blood
regulation of body temperature, transportation of substances around the body, prevention of blood loss and infection
what is systole
the phase of ventricular contraction of the heart
where are the popliteal nodes located
behind the knee
where is the great saphenous vein found
in the lower limb
what is the function of red blood cells
transport oxygen to the cells of the body
which layer of the heart wall is composed of cardiac muscle tissue
myocardium
which of the following blood vessels connects to the right ventricle of the heart
pulmonary trunk
What are the 3 types of blood vessels
arteries
capillaries
veins
arteries and veins have 3 layers, what are they
endothelium
smooth muscle
protective connective tissue
what do arteries do
carry blood away from the heart
deal with high pressure blood pressure
what do capillaries do
exchange of oxygen and nutrients
What do veins do
return blood to the heart
what are varicose veins
enlarged bulgy twisted veins that occur due to damage in the valves in the veins allowing pooling of the blood
Blood pressure is determined by what E factors
cardiac output
resistance to blood flow
what is cardiac output
the volume of blood pumped from it of the left ventricle each minute
What does resistance to blood flow cause
an increase in blood pressure
what does the brain do if blood pressure rises
increase parasympathetic nerve signal’s to the heart and blood vessels
what happens if blood pressure falls
the brain will increase sympathetic nerve signals and the kidneys will release a hormone called renin
