nervous system Flashcards
What are the two types of nerves
Sensory and Motor
What does a sensory nerve do
Takes sensory information from the body to the brain i.e touch, vibration, temperature, vision
What does a motor nerve do
Carries information from the brain to the body for movement
what does somatic mean
Body
What does a sensory somatic nerve do
Carries information about sensations you can notice and feel on your body
What does autonomic mean
(Automatic) Things you can’t control or dont notice
What does a sensory autonomic nerve do
Carries information about blood pressure etc and things we don’t notice
What is another word for autonomic sensory nerves
Visceral
Is somatic sensory voluntary or involuntary
voluntary
Is autonomic nerves voluntary or involuntary
Involuntary
Motor nerves are divided into what two nerves
Somatic and autonomic
Autonomic nerves are divided into what two nerves
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
Sympathetic nerves control what response
Fight or flight
Parasympathetic nerves control what response
rest and digest
Fight or flight responses are
-increases heart rate
-Dilated pupils
-increased blood supply (more energy)
-sweating
-released stress hormones
Rest and digest responses are
-Preparing the body for “housekeeping functions”
-Slowing heart rate
-Relaxing muscles
-Contracting pupils
Somatic motor nerves connect to what muscle
Skeletal muscles
What is a synapse
A connection between the nerve and the muscle
each muscle cell is innervated by a ____ neutron but one neuron can control ____ muscle fibres
Single
Many
What is a motor unit
A group of muscle fibres controlled by a single neuron
The strength of muscle contraction is controlled using motor units via
Frequency
Recruitment
How many cranial nerves are there
12 pairs except the vagus nerve which is chest and abdomen
What does sensory cranial nerves control
smell, sight and hearing
What do Motor cranial nerves control
Eye movements, Neck and shoulder movements, tongue movements
What does mixed cranial nerves control
Facial sensation and expression, taste and tongue movements, cheat and abdomen feelings and movement
What do spinal nerves do
Carry signals to and from all areas of the body except the head
How many spinal nerves are there
31
What are the different names and numbers of spinal nerves
8 cervical nerves (neck)
12 thoracic nerves (chest)
lumbar nerves (lower back)
Sacral nerves (tailbone area)
Hearing and balance - Mechanoreceptors for hearing and located where
In the cochlea of the inner ear
Taste occurs due to the detection of food and drink by
chemoreceptors in the taste buds
Taste buds are found on the
tongue, cheeks and throat
How much % of taste is smell
80
Smell is also detected by
chemoreceptors
What are the main types of cells in the nervous system
Neurons
What do neurons do
Transmitting the signals throughout the body
What are action potentials
Electrical impulses transmitted down the length of the axon to the axon terminal
What are the three phases of action potentials
depolarisation
repolorisation
hyperpolarisation
What is a myelin sheath
The fatty layer surrounding the axon of a nerve
What neurons send signals to the brain and spinal cord for interpretation
Sensory neurons
What neuron carry signals from the brain and spinal cord to parts of the body that are called effectors
Motor neurons
What is the cerebrum
the largest and main part of the brain
What is the brainstem
it is below the cerebrum and connects to the spinal cord it is in control of things to survive such as breathing
What does the hypothalamus do
Regulation of sleep wake cycles
regulation of appetite and thirst
regulation of temperature
What is the function of myelin sheaths in the axons of neurons
Increases the speed of action
potentials
Where is CSF found
In the subarachnoid space
Chewing is an example of
Mechanical digestion
The gall bladder stores
Bile
