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anatomy > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of nerves

A

Sensory and Motor

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2
Q

What does a sensory nerve do

A

Takes sensory information from the body to the brain i.e touch, vibration, temperature, vision

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3
Q

What does a motor nerve do

A

Carries information from the brain to the body for movement

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4
Q

what does somatic mean

A

Body

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5
Q

What does a sensory somatic nerve do

A

Carries information about sensations you can notice and feel on your body

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6
Q

What does autonomic mean

A

(Automatic) Things you can’t control or dont notice

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7
Q

What does a sensory autonomic nerve do

A

Carries information about blood pressure etc and things we don’t notice

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8
Q

What is another word for autonomic sensory nerves

A

Visceral

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9
Q

Is somatic sensory voluntary or involuntary

A

voluntary

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10
Q

Is autonomic nerves voluntary or involuntary

A

Involuntary

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11
Q

Motor nerves are divided into what two nerves

A

Somatic and autonomic

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12
Q

Autonomic nerves are divided into what two nerves

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

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13
Q

Sympathetic nerves control what response

A

Fight or flight

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14
Q

Parasympathetic nerves control what response

A

rest and digest

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15
Q

Fight or flight responses are

A

-increases heart rate
-Dilated pupils
-increased blood supply (more energy)
-sweating
-released stress hormones

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16
Q

Rest and digest responses are

A

-Preparing the body for “housekeeping functions”
-Slowing heart rate
-Relaxing muscles
-Contracting pupils

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17
Q

Somatic motor nerves connect to what muscle

A

Skeletal muscles

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18
Q

What is a synapse

A

A connection between the nerve and the muscle

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19
Q

each muscle cell is innervated by a ____ neutron but one neuron can control ____ muscle fibres

A

Single
Many

20
Q

What is a motor unit

A

A group of muscle fibres controlled by a single neuron

21
Q

The strength of muscle contraction is controlled using motor units via

A

Frequency
Recruitment

22
Q

How many cranial nerves are there

A

12 pairs except the vagus nerve which is chest and abdomen

23
Q

What does sensory cranial nerves control

A

smell, sight and hearing

24
Q

What do Motor cranial nerves control

A

Eye movements, Neck and shoulder movements, tongue movements

25
Q

What does mixed cranial nerves control

A

Facial sensation and expression, taste and tongue movements, cheat and abdomen feelings and movement

26
Q

What do spinal nerves do

A

Carry signals to and from all areas of the body except the head

27
Q

How many spinal nerves are there

A

31

28
Q

What are the different names and numbers of spinal nerves

A

8 cervical nerves (neck)
12 thoracic nerves (chest)
lumbar nerves (lower back)
Sacral nerves (tailbone area)

29
Q

Hearing and balance - Mechanoreceptors for hearing and located where

A

In the cochlea of the inner ear

30
Q

Taste occurs due to the detection of food and drink by

A

chemoreceptors in the taste buds

31
Q

Taste buds are found on the

A

tongue, cheeks and throat

32
Q

How much % of taste is smell

A

80

33
Q

Smell is also detected by

A

chemoreceptors

34
Q

What are the main types of cells in the nervous system

A

Neurons

35
Q

What do neurons do

A

Transmitting the signals throughout the body

36
Q

What are action potentials

A

Electrical impulses transmitted down the length of the axon to the axon terminal

37
Q

What are the three phases of action potentials

A

depolarisation
repolorisation
hyperpolarisation

38
Q

What is a myelin sheath

A

The fatty layer surrounding the axon of a nerve

39
Q

What neurons send signals to the brain and spinal cord for interpretation

A

Sensory neurons

40
Q

What neuron carry signals from the brain and spinal cord to parts of the body that are called effectors

A

Motor neurons

41
Q

What is the cerebrum

A

the largest and main part of the brain

42
Q

What is the brainstem

A

it is below the cerebrum and connects to the spinal cord it is in control of things to survive such as breathing

43
Q

What does the hypothalamus do

A

Regulation of sleep wake cycles
regulation of appetite and thirst
regulation of temperature

44
Q

What is the function of myelin sheaths in the axons of neurons

A

Increases the speed of action
potentials

45
Q

Where is CSF found

A

In the subarachnoid space

46
Q

Chewing is an example of

A

Mechanical digestion

47
Q

The gall bladder stores

A

Bile

anatomy (7 decks)

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