The Heart Flashcards
What chamber is the pulmonary trunk directly connected to?
Right ventricle
What chamber is aorta directly connected to?
Left ventricle
What chamber is the superior and Inferior Vena Cavae directly connected to?
Right atrium
What chamber is pulmonary artery directly connected to?
Right ventricle
What chamber are the pulmonary veins directly connected to?
Left atrium
What do the AV valves between atria and ventricles prevent?
Backflow from the ventricles into the atria
When the left ventricle contracts, blood moves into the ______________, not the right atrium
Aorta
Semilunar (“half-moon”) valves are found
between the __________ and the _____________.
Ventricles and great arteries
What is the purpose of the semilunar valvles?
To prevent backflow into the ventricle. When the ventricle relaxes during diastole, blood isn’t “sucked back” into that ventricle
What are the atrioventricular valves anchored by?
Chordae tendinae
What does the chordae tendinae prevent the AV valves from doing?
Keeps them from “flopping back” (prolapse) into the atria during ventricular contraction.
The AV valves are:
a.) floppy and large
b.) small and tight
a
What is the technical terms for the “flopping back” of the AV valve?
Prolapse
Do semilunar valves require chordae tendinae to anchor them?
No
The semilunar valves are:
a.) floppy and large
b.) small and tight
b
Are the right atrium and right ventricle located anteriorly or posteriorly to the left atrium and left ventricle?
anteriorly
What does PMI stand for?
Point of maximum impulse
What is the easiest place to palpate the cardiac impulse (PMI) in most people?
Tip of the left ventricle
What is another name for the mitral valve?
Bicuspid
What does the 2nd intercostal space, left sternal border correspond to?
the pulmonic valve
What does the 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border correspond to?
the aortic valve
The 4th/5th intercostal space, right sternal border is the best place to hear what?
Sounds from the right ventricle and right AV valve
5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line
is the best place to hear what? And do what?
Hear left AV valve and left ventricular sounds
Palpate the PMI
What is the first sound you will here when auscultating the heart? What represents this sound?
The AV valve closing/lub
What is the second sound you will here when auscultating the heart? What represents this sound?
The semilunar valves closing/dub
Is s1 or s2 a higher frequency? Why?
s2, because the semilunar valves are tighter
What is it known as when blood flow is smooth and orderly?
Laminar flow
What is it known as when blood flow is rapid, forming disorderly eddies and vibrations
Turbulent flow
What is it called when the valve doesn’t open widely enough?
Stenosis
What would happen if the aortic valve doesn’t open properly?
Restricted blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta during systole.
What happens if the valve doesn’t close properly?
Regurgitation
If the valve doesn’t close, when does the backflow occur?
Diastole
In _________________ some of the blood pumped out of the left ventricle during systole leaks backward into the left atrium during diastole.
Mitral regurgitation
Is it common to hear a valve opening?
No
