The Heart Flashcards
What are the major divisions of the heart?
Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit
The pulmonary circuit carries blood to the ________ for gas exchange and returns it to the ________
Lungs
Heart
Blood travels from the _____ side of heart to _______ ________ to pulmonary ________ to _______ to _______ veins to heart.
Right
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary arteries
Lungs
Pulmonary veins
What is the function of the systemic circuit?
Supplies blood to every organ of the body
Path of the systemic circuit: ______ side of the heart to_______ to _________ arteries to tissues of body to ______ _______ to heart
Left
Aorta
Systemic
Vena Cava
Where is the heart located?
Lies in the thoracic cavity within the mediastinum
What is the apex of the heart?
The apex is the “unstable” part of the heart that rests on the diaphragm, below the base
What is the mediastinum?
This is the center of the chest
Describe the base of the heart.
The base of the heart is laterally, inclined to the right
It is the broader section of the heart
Describe the position of the heart.
The base points towards the right shoulder
More than half of the heart is to the left of the median plane
Describe the size and shape of the heart
The heart is approximately the size of a fist
The heart what is about 300 g in adults
What is the pericardium?
This is a membrane that surrounds the heart
What are the two types of pericardium?
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
What are the two divisions of the serous pericardium?
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
What is another name for the visceral layer of the serous pericardium?
The epicardium
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
What is the epicardium?
The outermost layer of the heart wall
Describe the epicardial membrane
It is a serous membrane
Consist of a simple squamous epithelium over lying thin loose connective tissue
What is the myocardium?
This is the middle layer of the heart wall
Describe the myocardial membrane
It is the primary cardiac muscle
It is the thickest layer of the heart wall
It performs the work of the heart
What is the endocardium?
This is the inner layer of the heart wall
Describe the endocardial membrane
lines the heart chambers
folds to create heart valves
Continuous with blood vessel endothelium
How many chambers does the heart have? Name them.
Four Chambers:
Two superior atria
Two inferior ventricles
What is the function of the heart valves?
They ensure blood flows, one way in the heart