the health risks of smokin Flashcards

1
Q

smoking kills

A

1) more than 400,000 people per year in USA
2) leading preventable cause of death in the US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

exposures to provider

A

1) dentists are also exposed to this during biopsy
2) carbon monoxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

benzopyrene

A

1) when smoking, exposure to it
2) it is a potent carcinogen
3) risk of lung cancer is related to intensity of exposure
- one pack daily for 10 years equals 10 pack years
- 20 cigs / pack
- pack year = packs per day * number of years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

smoking and cancer

A

1) 90% lung cancers occur in smokers
2) colorectal and liver cancers
3) combo of smoking and alcohol has multiplicative effect on oral cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pathogenesis

A

1) there are enzymes that convert benzopyrene to something that can attach to guanine
2) the body’s DNA repair system will catch it and initiate apoptosis
3) if not, a mutation occurs and can be carcinogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

morphology

A

1) mutations can disrupt cellular growth and organization
2) epithelial tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

smoking and the circulatory system

A

1)1/3 of heart attacks are associated with smoking
2) increased platelet aggregation, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

smoking and diabetes

A

1) increases cell threshold response to insulin
2) increases risk of type II diabetes
3) higher risk for amputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

smoking and pregnancy

A

1) reduced fertility, miscarriage, sudden infant death, birth defect, babies that breath smoke die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

smoking and immune system

A

1) smoking makes body less successful at fighting wound healing and infection
2) neutrophils and nicotine
- chemotaxis
- phagocytosis
- releases of ROS
3) autoimmune disorders
- rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

smoking and eye disease

A

1) vasoconstriction
- nicotine and other chemicals
2) 4x more likely age-related macular degeneration
3) and cataracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

secondhand smoke

A

1) triggers heart attacks, strokes
2) lung cancer, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nicotine is

A

1) addictive
2) alkaloid
3) absorbed in lung and passes to brain
- dopamine
4) quitting = withdrawal symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

teens

A

1) more sensitive to nicotine
2) most current smokers became addicted as teens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

quitting and reduced risks

A

1) one year after quitting, risk of heart attach drops sharply
2) risks for cancers drop by half within 5 years
3) 10 years, lung cancer risk drops by half
4) if quit by age 30, their health may become as good as a nonsmoker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cessation pharmacotherapy

A

1) FDA approved
- nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
- bupropion
- varenicline
2) all approved cessation medication doubt quit rates when compared with placebo treatment

17
Q

nicotine replacement therapy

A

1) no Rx
2) plasma concentrations lower and slower1

18
Q

bupropion

A

1) increases brain levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, stimulating effects of nicotine

19
Q

varenicline

A

1) partial agonist of the major receptor involved in nicotine addiction

20
Q

counseling

A

1) pharmacotherapy is much more effective when combined with counseling and behavioral treatment
2) provider advice doubled the likelihood of patient abstaining from smoking

21
Q

e-cigs

A

1) studies have shown they do work as a modality to quit conventional cigarettes
2) not safe for youth, pregnant women, and adults who do not currently use tobacco
3) the most used tobacco product among youth in the US

22
Q

e-cigs and the oral cavity

A

1) periodontal and peri-implant clinical and radiographic parameters are worse
2) proinflammatory cytokine levels are higher
3) nicotinic stomatitis, hairy tongue, angular cheilitis being more prevalent
4) component of vapor have a known cytotoxic and carcinogenic properties
5) microbiological studies show that users have a distinct microbiome

23
Q

cold turkey

A

1) does not work
2) failure of 95-98%