injury by drugs

Question 1

tetracycline

Answer 1

1) four rings bound together
2) inhibit protein synthesis of bacteria
3) discoloration of teeth
- staining dentin during tooth development
4) discoloration of bone
- due to bone remodeling

Question 2

minocycline

Answer 2

1) binds to metal (chelating ability)
2) binds to iron

Question 3

oral contraceptive

Answer 3

1) decrease endometrial and ovarian cancers
2) increase risk of cervical cancer

Question 4

aspirin

Answer 4

1) chronic aspirin toxicity
- hormone like actions
- vomiting, prolonged bleeding
2) reye’s syndrome
- serious complication in pediatrics
3) also acidic
- erosion and ulceration

Question 5

chronic aspirin toxicity

Answer 5

1) NSAID
2) non selective oxygenase inhibitor
- COX-1 inhibition is BAD!!! (normal platelet and gastro protective lipids)
- COX-2 inhibition is good (inflammation)

Question 6

reye’s syndrome

Answer 6

1) after flu or chicken pox
2) ammonia passes the blood brain barrier causing encepalopathy
3) do not give children aspirin

Question 7

tylenol (acetominophen)

Answer 7

1) is not NSAID
- works in CNS
2) helps with pain
3) large does may produce hepatic necrosis
- via ROS

Question 8

meth

Answer 8

1) methamphetamine
- rampant caries

Question 9

cocaine

Answer 9

1) vasoconstriction
2) loss of nasal septum
- cocaine snorting and intranasal abuse of oxycodone and hydrocodone
3) palatal perforation

Question 10

thermal food burn

Answer 10

1) epithelial necrosis due to hot food

Question 11

herpetic lesion

Answer 11

1) travels unilaterally

Question 12

electrical burn

Answer 12

1) electrical arc burn

Question 13

abrasion

Answer 13

1) abrasion
- scraping and rubbing
- superficial layer

Question 14

contusion

Answer 14

1) bruise
2) rupture of blood into tissue without rupture of surface

Question 15

laceration

Answer 15

1) irregular cut into underlying tissue
2) vessels may not be completely torn

Question 16

incision

Answer 16

1) intentional would inflicted by sharp object
2) bridging vessels are severed

Question 17

puncture

Answer 17

1) long narrow instrumentr

Question 18

radiation injury

Answer 18

1) injure cells directly or indirectly
2) ROS from water or oxygen

Question 19

anorexia and bulimia

Answer 19

1) acidic erosion of teeth
- Mx > Mn

Question 20

vitamin B deficiency

Answer 20

1) water soluble
2) beri beri, wernicke syndrome, korsakoff syndrome

Question 21

fat soluble

Answer 21

1) stored in fat
2) so it can be more dangerous in excess
- ex. vitamin A affects pregnancy

Question 22

vitamin D deficiency

Answer 22

1) lack of enzyme product which tells intestine to reabsorb Ca2+
2) less of it in blood…PTH cause you to get it from bone via RANKL production
3) rickets in children
- cartilage overgrowth
4) osteomalacia in adults
- not the same as osteoporosis (trabecular)
- bone matrix is not calcified

Question 23

vitamin K deficiency

Answer 23

1) involved in clotting
2) warfarin is antagonist
- competes for enzyme that replenishes vitamin K

Question 24

iodine

Answer 24

1) deficiency
-goiter and hypothyroidism

Question 25

fluoride

Answer 25

1) deficiency - dental caries

Question 26

obesity

Answer 26

1) BMI >=30 2) adipokines (adipocytokines) - affect blood pressure, metabolic syndromes, etc. 3) leptin - suppresses appetite - produced by adipocytes - resistance to it in obese individuals