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Spinal Final > The Head > Flashcards

The Head Flashcards

0
Q

What is the appearance of the intersection of the lamdoid and sagittal sutures called?

A

The lambda

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1
Q

What is the appearance of the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures called?

A

The bregma

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2
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the frontal bone with both parietal bones?

A

The anterior fontanelle

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3
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with both parietal bones?

A

The posterior fontanelle

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4
Q

What is the glabella?

A

The elevation of bone over the frontal sinus between the orbits

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5
Q

What is the name given to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?

A

Piriform aperture

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6
Q

What is the name given to the alveolar jugum of the canine tooth in the maxilla?

A

Canine eminence

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7
Q

What forms a bullet-like chin?

A

A large mental protuberance

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8
Q

What forms an indented chin?

A

Well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance

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9
Q

What is the tip of the external occipital protuberance called?

A

The inion

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10
Q

What is the name of the linear elevation lateral to the external occipital protuberance?

A

Superior nuchal line

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11
Q

What is the appearance of suturing intersections just above the zygomatic arch called?

A

The pterion

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12
Q

What is the appearance of suture intersections just above the mastoid process called?

A

The asterion

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13
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure the skull size?

A

The nasion, vertex, and inion

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14
Q

What is the appearance of the suture intersections over the hard palate called?

A

The cruciate or cruciform suture

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15
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

A line drawn along the lesser wing of the sphenoid, anterior clinoid process, and sphenoidal jugum

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16
Q

What passes through the cribriform plate?

A

Fila olfactoria of cranial nerve I, the olfactory nerve

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17
Q

An emissary vein leaves the anterior cranial fossa via what opening?

A

Foramen cecum

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18
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?

A

Superior border of petrous part of temporal bone, posterior clinoid processes, and dorsum sellae of sphenoid

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19
Q

What are the parts of the sella turcica?

A

Anterior clinoid processes, sphenoidal jugum, posterior clinoid processes, dorsum sella, and hypophyseal fossa of sphenoid bone

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20
Q

What forms the roof of the sella turcica?

A

Diaphragma sella

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21
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

The optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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22
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A

The ophthalmic veins, the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and the abducent nerve

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23
Q

What is unique about the ophthalmic artery and veins?

A

Unlike other artery-vein combinations they will not share the same opening; the ophthalmic artery is in the optic canal, ophthalmic veins are in the superior orbital fissure

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24
Q

What are the contents of the foramen rotundum?

A

The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve Vb)

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25
Q

What are the contents of the foramen ovale?

A

The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (Vc) and the lesser petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

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26
Q

What are the contents of the foramen spinosum?

A

The nervus spinosus from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and the middle meningeal artery

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27
Q

What forms the vidian nerve/nerve of the pterygoid canal?

A

The greater (superficial) petrosal nerve from the facial nerve and the deep petrosal nerve from the carotid sympathetic nerve plexus

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28
Q

What are the contents of the hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve?

A

The lesser petrosal nerve, a branch of the tympanic plexus from the glossopharyngeal nerve

29
Q

How will the lesser petrosal nerve typically exit the middle cranial fossa?

A

The foramen ovale

31
Q

What forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

The tentorium cerebelli

32
Q

What part of the cerebrum occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

None; the tentorium cerebelli separates the cerebrum into a space above the posterior cranial fossa

33
Q

What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Cranial nerves VII (facial nerve) and VIII (vestibulocochlear/auditory nerve), the nervus intermedius/nerve of Wrisberg/sensory root of VII and the motor root of VII, the vestibular and cochlear roots of VIII and the internal auditory/internal labyrinthine artery and vein

34
Q

What are the contents of the jugular foramen?

A

The jugular bulb, the inferior petrosal sinus, the tympanic body/tympanic glomus or jugular body/jugular glomus, cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and XI (spinal accessory)

35
Q

What is the name of the venous expansion between the sigmoid dural venous sinus and the internal jugular vein?

A

The jugular bulb

36
Q

What is the function of the tympanic body/tympanic glomus?

A

A chemoreceptive organ which monitors hypoxia, hypercapnia, and increases in the hydrogen ion (concentration?)

37
Q

What can the five layers of the scalp spell?

A

Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose Connective Tissue, Periosteum…SCALP

38
Q

What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?

A

Internal carotid and external carotid artery branches

39
Q

What location will each branch of the fifth cranial nerve pass into upon exit from the middle cranial fossa?

A

Ophthalmic nerve-orbit; maxillary nerve-pterygopalatine region; mandibular nerve-infratemporal region

40
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?

A

All 3 divisions; ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, & mandibular nerve

41
Q

What nerve(s) and cord levels of origin to the cervical plexus supply the scalp?

A

Greater auricular nerve-C2, C3 ventral rami branches; lesser occipital nerve-C2 (C3) ventral rami branches

42
Q

Which dorsal ramus nerve branch (name and cord level of origin) supplies the scalp?

A

Greater occipital nerve-C2, C3 communicating ramus

43
Q

What nerve(s) provide motor innervation to the scalp?

A

Facial nerve branches

44
Q

What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by the facial nerve?

A

Branchial efferent (BE)

45
Q

What is the embryonic origin of skeletal muscles innervated by the facial nerve?

A

The skeletal muscle is derived from the branchial arches hence branchial efferent

46
Q

What is the third layer of the scalp associated with?

A

The muscular component of the scalp

47
Q

What muscle(s) are specifically associated with the scalp?

A

Frontalis and occipitalis bellies of epicranius muscle

48
Q

The bellies of the epicranius muscle are connected by what structure?

A

Galea aponeurotica

49
Q

What is unusual/unique about the muscles of the face?

A

They do not act as lever muscles; they do not attach to bone at both origin & insertion

50
Q

Which muscles lack any attachment to bone?

A

Orbicularis oris, procerus, and risorius

51
Q

What is the source of innervation for all muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve branches

52
Q

What opening(s) are located along the superior wall of the orbit?

A

Optic canal

53
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

54
Q

What is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Lamina papyracea

55
Q

What opening(s) are located along the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

56
Q

What opening(s) are located along the inferior wall of the orbit?

A

Inferior orbital fissure

57
Q

What is contained in the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

58
Q

What are the layers of the eyelid?

A

Skin, orbicularis oculi muscle, tarsal plate/tarsus & palpebral conjunctiva

59
Q

What are the names given to the modified sebaceous gland in the tarsus of the eyelid?

A

Tarsal or Meibomian gland

60
Q

What is the location of a Meibomian gland?

A

Tarsus of the eyelid

61
Q

What is the function of the Meibomian gland?

A

Produces a think, hydrophobic substance that prevents tears from overflowing onto the cheeks along the margin of the eyelid

62
Q

What is the name of the modified sebaceous gland at the base of the eyelash?

A

Ciliary gland

63
Q

Visceral efferent fibers conveyed in the seventh cranial nerve originate from which nucleus?

A

Superior salivatory nucleus

64
Q

Preganglionic visceral efferent fibers of cranial nerve VII will exit the pons in what nerve?

A

Nervus intermedius, nerve of Wrisberg, sensory root of facial nerve

65
Q

Which immediate branch of the seventh cranial nerve will convey preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers to the lacrimal gland?

A

Greater petrosal or greater superficial petrosal nerve

66
Q

What is the continuation of the greater petrosal nerve of the seventh cranial nerve?

A

Vidian nerve or nerve of the pterygoid canal

67
Q

What are the names of the ganglion of synapse in the efferent pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion, sphenopalatine ganglion, Meckel’s ganglion

68
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers from the pterygopalatine, sphenopalatine, or Meckel’s ganglion will become incorporated in which cranial nerve branch?

A

Maxillary nerve of the trigeminal

69
Q

The zygomaticotemporal nerve will convey postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers to the lacrimal gland through a communication with which branch of the fifth cranial nerve?

A

Ophthalmic nerve

70
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels, limited availability of water to secretory units, more viscous or thicker product formed in glandular lumen

71
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of targets in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

Vasodilation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen; constriction of myoepithelial cells leading to release of product from secretory lumen into duct system

Spinal Final (6 decks)

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