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Spinal Final > Arthrology of the Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Arthrology of the Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What is the maximum number of common ligaments identified with a vertebral couple?

A

Eight

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2
Q

What is the reason that nine common ligaments are identified but only eight will be attached at any specific vertebral couple?

A

The ligamentum nuchae and supraspinous ligaments attach to the spinous tubercles, but only one of these will be identified at a single vertebral couple

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3
Q

What is the number of true intervertebral discs identified in the adult?

A

Twenty-three

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4
Q

What is the organizational pattern for glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar nucleus pulposus?

A

They typically lack a binding site for hyaluronic acid and are thus non-aggregated

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5
Q

What cell is associated with the nucleus pulposus until about age eleven?

A

Notochord cells

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6
Q

Which type of collagen is dominant in the nucleus pulposus?

A

Collagen type II

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7
Q

What is unusual about the cervical annulus fibrosus?

A

It lacks any lamellar or layered organization

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8
Q

What is the appearance of the cervical annulus fibrosus?

A

A horse-shoe with the anterior margin thick and the lateral margins tapering to the uncinate processes; the posterior margin is thin

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9
Q

What compensates for the thinness of the posterior part of the cervical annulus fibrosus?

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

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10
Q

What is the organizational patern for glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar annulus fibrosus?

A

They typically have a binding site for hyaluronic acid and are thus aggregated

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11
Q

What is the consequence of aggregated glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar annulus fibrosus?

A

The annulus fibrosis will retain water under deformation conditions

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12
Q

Which type of collagen is dominant in the annulus fibrosus?

A

Collagen type I

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13
Q

What is the organizational pattern for collagen fibers in the annulus fibrosus?

A

They are parallel with one another in a single lamellus and angled

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14
Q

What is the organization of collagen fibers between lamellae?

A

Collagen fibers will be angled in the opposite direction such that a spiral-counterspiral organization is observed

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15
Q

What is the average angle of collagen fibers within the annulus fibrosus?

A

They average 50-60 degrees

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16
Q

What is the origin for the cells of the annulus fibrosus?

A

Sclerotomites

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17
Q

What cell type is associated with the annulus fibrosus?

A

Fibroblast and fibrocyte

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18
Q

What is the cartilage end plate derived from?

A

The epiphyseal plate

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19
Q

What part of the vertebral body will the cartilage end plate cover?

A

The cancellous bone at the top or bottom of the vertebral body

20
Q

What is the principal type of collagen fiber within the cartilage end plate?

A

The type II collagen fiber

21
Q

What is the direction of collagen fibers within the cartilage end plate?

A

Collagen fibers are aligned anterior to posterior

22
Q

What is the earliest indicator of intervertebral disc pathology or degeneration?

A

Changes in the histology of the cartilage end plate

23
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated?

A

The outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus

24
Q

What part of the cervical intervertebral disc is highly innervated?

A

The middle third of the annulus fibrosus

25
Q

What are the types of receptor endings in the intervertebral disc?

A

Nociceptors and proprioceptors

26
Q

What is the relationship between size of the intervertebral disc and receptor endings?

A

The larger the disc, the greater the variety of receptor endings

27
Q

What nerve(s) have been shown to give off the sinus vertebral/sinu-vertebral/recurrent meningeal nerve?

A

The mixed spinal nerve, ventral primary ramus, dorsal primary ramus, gray ramus communicans, and white ramus communicans have all be implicated

28
Q

The recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve has typically been shown to originate from which source?

A

The gray ramus communicans

29
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated by the recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve?

A

The outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the posterior part of the intervertebral disc

30
Q

What forms the anterior neural plexus of the vertebral column?

A

Fibers from the ventral primary ramus

31
Q

What forms the lateral neural plexus of the vertebral column?

A

Fibers from the ventral primary ramus, fibers from the white ramus communicans, fibers from the paradiscal ramus communicans, fibers from the gray ramus communicans

32
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated by fibers from the ventral primary ramus?

A

The outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the anterior and lateral part of the intervertebral disc

33
Q

What innervates the annulus fibrosus at the lateral part of the intervertebral disc?

A

Fibers from the ventral primary ramus, fibers from the white ramus communicans, fibers from the paradiscal ramus communicans, fibers from the gray ramus communicans

34
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated by fibers from the white ramus communicans?

A

The outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the lateral part of the intervertebral disc

35
Q

What is the name given to the white ramus communicans which becomes embedded within the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc?

A

The paradiscal ramus communicans

36
Q

How does the intervertebral disc attach to the vertebral body?

A

Sharpey’s fibers from the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus are firmly embedded into the epiphyseal rims of the adjacent vertebral bodies

37
Q

In what regions of the vertebral column is the space formed between vertebral bodies by the intervertebral disc the greatest?

A

The cervical and lumbar regions

38
Q

Which curve direction will be associated with the greatest space observed between vertebral bodies?

A

The lordotic or anterior curves

39
Q

What is the popular theory of intra-abdominal cavity pressure and intervertebral disc response to weight bearing?

A

Increasing the intra-abdominal cavity pressure will diminish the amount of resistance the intervertebral disc needs to generate by up to 50%

40
Q

Based on histology, what is the classification of the intervertebral disc?

A

A cartilaginous (amphiarthosis) symphysis

41
Q

Based on function, what is a possible classification for the intervertebral disc?

A

A synovial (diarthrosis) arthrodia

42
Q

What part of the somite will form the vertebral column?

A

The sclerotome

43
Q

What structure is formed following migration of sclerotomes to surround the notochord?

A

The perichordal blastema

44
Q

What is formed within the perichordal blastema between the sclerotomites?

A

The intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

45
Q

What does the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner become?

A

The perichordal disc

46
Q

What structure forms following migration and subsequent mixing of the sclerotomites?

A

The vertebral blastema

47
Q

What is the earliest indicator of the position of the adult intervertebral disc?

A

The intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

Spinal Final (6 decks)

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