The hazard management and human responce

Question 1

what are the stages in the hazard management cycle

Answer 1

• Mitigation
• Preparedness
• Response
• Recovery

Question 2

what is mitigation in the hazard management cycle
- focus
- actions
- when does it take place?

Answer 2

mitigation - Preventing hazard events or minimising their effects
. focus- identifying potential natural hazard and taking steps to rescue their impact
. actions -Zoning and land use planning
- developing and enforcing building codes
- building protective structures
. Takes place - before and after the hazard

Question 3

What is the preparedness in the hazard management cycle
-focus
-action
when does it take place?

Answer 3

preparedness - preparing to deal with a hazardous event
. focus - minimising loss of life and property and facilitating response and recovery. Plans are developed and implemented by emergency planners
. Actions - developing preparedness plans
- warning systems
- creating evacuation routes
- raising public awareness and stockpiling essentials

happens before a event

Question 4

what is the response in the hazard management cycle
- focus
- actions
when does it take place?

Answer 4

Response - responding effectively to hazardous event
. Focus - coping with disaster, Aim is to save lives, protect, property e.g.
. Actions - search and rescue efforts
- evacuating people where needed
- restoring critical infrastructure e.g. power and water supplies

takes place after a hazardous geophysical event

Question 5

What is the recovery in the hazard management cycle
- short term
- long term recovery

Answer 5

recovery - getting back to normal
-short term recovery - providing essential healthcare
. restoring permanent power and water supplies
. re-establishing transport routes
. Providing food and temporary shelters
. Organising financial assistance
- long term recovery -
. rebuilding homes and other structures
. repairing and rebuilding infrastructure
. re-opening business and schools

Question 6

what are the advantages of the hazard management cycle

Answer 6

• emphasis on preparation before which can reduce loss once the hazard occurs
• Can help in assessing how good a hazard management has been. Lays out what should have happened so can be compared to what actually happens
• Reduces stress and Anxiety within a population

Question 7

What are the disadvantages of the hazard management cycle

Answer 7

• More applicable to HICS who are wealthier so they can easily adopt the polices
• unquantable and generic

Question 8

what are responses to a hazard from the public and authorities is dependent on

Answer 8

• Economic wealth
• technology and education
• Past experience from the natural hazard
• priorities and attitudes

Question 9

what is the decision process for managing a hazard like

Answer 9

Hazardous event - period of reflection and then a perception of future risk is then formed

Question 10

What are the 3 types of human response to hazard risk

Answer 10

• prevention modification
• modify vulnerability
• modify the loss

Question 11

What happens in the prevention and modification response

Answer 11

prevention - engineering solutions and technology too lessen the likelihood of major impact
- Avalanche and earthquake proof buildings
- raising houses on stilts in flood areas
- flood defences

Question 12

What happens in the modifying vulnerability response

Answer 12

predicting the occurrence of an extreme natural event is the key to protect lives
- planning laws
- prediction technology and research
- emergency service provision
- communication and education

you prepare a community for a hazard
- evacuation plans
-drills
- warnings

Question 13

what happens in modifying the loss response

Answer 13

Length of recovery depends on the speed of response from authorities
- extent of damage to infrastructure and lives
- collaboration between governments and aid agencies

insurance if very hard to gain in hazardous areas

Question 14

Who are the key players in hazard management

Answer 14

. insurance and governments
. local communities
. foreign aid
. NGOs

Question 15

what does insurance and governments do in hazard management

Answer 15

Governments work alongside insurers
- insurance coverage can help communities recover after it provides individuals and businesses with money they need to repair and build
- However HICs have low insurance losses (25-30%) due to management
- Insurance usually provides cover for property loss, fires, flooding etc.

Question 16

What do the communities do in hazard management

Answer 16

Local people are usually the first to respond after a disaster.
- Crucial in immediate search and rescue
- community groups involved in long term strategies
- In rural/mountainous areas aid takes a while to arrive

Question 17

What do Aid donors do in hazard management

Answer 17

• Aid is divided into stages in the hazard management cycle. Emergency aid, Short - term aid, long - term aid
• Comes from many sources such as government organisations e.g. UN
• Aid comes in many forms e.g. food, cash, personnel and is directly given to the government

Question 18

Why is disaster aid often criticised

Answer 18

• May be a corrupt or poor distribution systems
• doesn’t encourage bottom up or a self-help approach to disaster management at local levels
• In Haiti aid workers were also implicated in the spread of cholera

Question 19

How do NGOs play a role in hazard management

Answer 19

important where the government is struggling to respond and they are non governmental
- Can provide funds, coordinate search and rescue efforts etc
- often remain years after the hazard