mitigation and adaptation Flashcards
What is hazard mitigation and adaptation and what are the strategies of each
mitigation - strategies meant to avoid, delay, prevent or reduce the hazard events
- land use zoning
- Hazard resistant designs
- Diverting lava flows
- GIS mapping
Adaptations - strategies designed to change how people live/respond in hazardous areas
- Crisis mapping
- High tec monitoring
- Modelling hazard impact
- Public education
- Community preparedness and adaptation
What is crisis mapping
- mitigation or adaptation
- where has it been used
. crisis mapping:(Adaptation)
- uses crowd sourced information to accurately map areas struck via disaster.
Following 2010 Haiti earthquake they set up a map for Haiti and local people began providing info via social media texts
what is land use zoning?
- mitigation or adaptation
- where has it been used
Mitigation
- Local governments planners regulate how land in a community may be used
- zoned by likeness and level of damage
- High risk areas
. settlements are limited and certain types of facilities are prohibited e.g. hospitals
. Development in areas with natural protection is limited (ocean mangroves)
Hic countries
What is High tec monitoring?
- mitigation or adaptation
- where has it been used
(Adaptation)
Tec plays a huge role in making communities less vulnerable
- GIS - help create a hazard maps + manage them
- Early warning systems - Detects signs of a hazard and alerts authorities
- Satellite communication - helps transmits data from monitoring equipment so early warnings can be issued
- Mobile phone tec -can send rapid warnings
Japanese government sends out texts via phones to alert of an earthquake
what is diverting lava flows
- mitigation or adaptation
- where has it been used
Mitigation
- Historically lava flows have been attempted to be diverting many ways e.g. building barriers
- Its hard because
. lava path is hard to predict
. Terrain has to be suitable
. stopping lava from reaching one community may redirect it to another
Was successful in 1973 eruption in Iceland. Lava flow heading towards main port and harbour were redirected
What is hazard resistant design
- mitigation or adaptation
- where has it been used
Mitigation
collapsing buildings is the main cause of death and damage
- new buildings designed to resist ground shaking
- Roofs sloped so prevent ash build up
- buildings in tsunami zones evaluated and anchored
Tsunami and earthquake zones in ACs
Multiple hazard zones
what is the modelling hazard impact
- mitigation or adaptation
- where has it been used
Adaptation
computer models allow scientists to predict impacts of hazards on communities
. Allows scientists to compare effects of different scenarios
Can be used by decision makers to help them develop plans and strategies to reduce impacts of hazards
What is GIS mapping
- mitigation or adaptation
- where has it been used
mitigation
. Can be used in all stages of disaster management cycle
. GIS can look at:
- location and rough population size of major towns and cities
- Areas effected by the earthquake
- Locations of airports/airstrips
. Can identify areas most in need and how recovery can get there
Nepal 2015 to allow responders to plan their response
What is public education
- mitigation or adaptation
- where has it been used
Adaptation
Helps people understand how to protect themselves before and after the even
- encourages households to create emergency kits
- Providing effective education materials
- regularly practising emergency procedures
Japan holds national prevention day
What is community preparedness
- mitigation or adaptation
- where has it been used
Adaptation
Tends to be most effective when formalised
- creating a list of vulnerable people who need assistance
- Organising practise evacuation drills
- Providing first aid courses
During 2004 Indian ocean tsunami the elders of Thailand tribes noticed unusual movements in the bay and save 200 lives
