The Halogens Flashcards
What does halogen mean and why
Halogen means ‘salt producing’ as the elements in this group produce salt when they react with metals
what is the template for the mpbp, reactiviity and the reason for it in the halogens and alkali metals
The atoms in group 1/7 react by losing/gaining electrons. As you go down the group, the number of shells increases, so the effect of shielding increases, weakening the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron. This makes it easier/harder to lose/gain the electron. Furthermore, as you go down group 1/7, the distance between the nucleus and the outer electron increases, weakening the attraction between both, making it easier/harder to lose/gain the electron, and so reactivity increases/decreases as you go down group 1/7.
what do the halogens exist as by themselves
All halogens exist in diatomic molecules - di means two, so this means halogens travel in pairs, covalently bonded to each other
what does molecule mean
Molecules are two or more atoms covalently bonded together - they can be same or different elements
what colour and state is flourine in
Fluorine - yellow gas
what colour and state is chlorine in
Chlorine - green gas - used as a bomb in world wars - soldiers used to pee on a rag and hold it to their nose and mouth to prevent breathing this gas in
what colour and state is bromine in
Bromine - red-brown liquid. Orange/brown vapour
what colour and state is iodine in
Iodine - grey solid / purple vapour
what happens to the melting point of the halogens as you go down the group and why
As you go down group 7, the MP/BP increases. This is because as you go down group 7, the molecules get bigger. As the molecules get bigger, there are more intermolecular forces to overcome, so more energy is needed.
whats the difference between bonds and forces when melting or boiling
Bonds are BROKEN
Forces are OVERCOME
what happens to the bonds and forces in the mpbp of the halogens
When melting/boiling group 7 elements, no bonds are broken!!! Only the intermolecular forces are overcome
are halogens good conducters
Halogens are poor conductors of heat and electricity as they are non-metals
what are halides
Halides = halogen ions
what do halogens form when they react with hydrogen
Halogens form hydrogen halides when they react with hydrogen
This is the reaction that makes acids we know of like HCl
give an example of a hydrogen halide reaction
When chloride reacts with hydrogen that forms the GAS hydrogen chloride
THEN, once this gas is dissolved in water, you get the LIQUID hydrochloric acid
what do halogens form when they react with metals
Halogens react with alkali metals to form salt.
give and example of a halogen forming a salt with a metal, make sure to write the states
An example is when sodium reacts with chlorine, to form solid sodium chloride
In this reaction, sodium burns with a yellow flame to make a white ionic solid - REMEMEBER THESE STATES!!
what is the state symbol for a halogen + hydrogen
(g)
what is the state symbol for a halogen + metal
(s)
what are spectator ions
the ions in the displacement reaction that dont do anything and are there on both sides of the equation
what is oxidation
losing electrons
what is reduction
gaining electrons
how can you rememer what oxidation and reduction is
OIL RIG
Oxidation is losing
Reduction is gaining
what is an oxidation agent
an agent that gains electrons, taking it away from something, oxidising it
what is a reduction agent
an agent that loses electrons, giving it away to somthing, reducing it
what is astatine
Group 7 element, a halogen, which is extremely radioactive and has never been seen, its properties can be predicted by using other halogen elements
what are the properties of astatine (5)
electron config = 2,8,8,8,8,7
is diatomic
is covalently bonded
reacts with hydrogen to form a hydrogen halide such as hydrogen astatide
reacts with a metal to form a salt such as sodium astatide
