Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > acids and bases and salt preperations > Flashcards

acids and bases and salt preperations Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is an acid

A

An acid contains hydrogen, and releases hydrogen ions in reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a salt

A

Salt = a compound when a metal replaces the hydrogen in an acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is HNO3

A

HNO3 = nitric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is ammonia chemical formula

A

NH3 = ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chemical formula for phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4 = phosphoric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

chemical formula for ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH = ethanoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens when a hydrogen is replaced by an ammonium molecule

A

When the hydrogen is replaced by an ammonium molecule instead of a metal, it becomes an ammonium salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

chemical formula for ammonium

A

Ammonium = NH4+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list all general equations (6)

A

acid+base –> salt +water
acid +metal –> salt + H2
acid + metal oxide –> salt + H2O
acid + metal hydroxide –> salt + H2O
acid + metal carbonate –> salt + CO2 + H2O
acid + ammonia–> ammonium salt + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is effervescence

A

When gas a produced in a chemical reaction, it is called effervescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can you confirm that the gas produced in this reaction is hydrogen?

A

–> squeaky pop test –> put a lighted splint in the gas - if it creates a squeaky pop sound that gas is hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why are magnesium with acid reaction faster than zinc with acid

A

In comparison to the acid reactions with magnesium, the acid reactions with zinc are slower as zinc is lower down the reactivity series in comparison with magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a base

A

Base - something that neutralises an acid
Alkalis are soluble in water, some bases are not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what colour change happens between copper II oxide and dilute h2so4

A

Copper (II) Oxide (black powder) reacts with hot dilute sulfuric acid
This creates a copper sulfate solution which is BLUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

all copper solutions are what colour

A

ALL copper solutions = blue/blue-green solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

are nitrates soluble

A

All nitrates are soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the only chlorides that are insoluble

A

Lead and silver are the only chlorides that are insoluble (L and S both in chLorideS)

18
Q

which lead compounds are soluble

A

Other than nitrate, anything lead is insoluble

19
Q

are carbonates soluble

A

All carbonates are insoluble

20
Q

are hydroxides soluble

A

Most hydroxides are insoluble (calcium is partially)
EXCEPTION TO ALL THE ABOVE IS ammonium, potassium and sodium (APS) is ALWAYS soluble

21
Q

what can you only mix with cold acids to make salts

A

When making salts, it is only carbonates and magnesium that you can mix cold acids

22
Q

what do u add in excess when making magnesium sulfate

A

When making magnesium sulfate, you add magnesium in excess until it stops reacting

23
Q

when making salts, what 3 metals cant u add in excess and why

A

You can’t do this with APS (ammonium, potassium and sodium)
Magnesium is not soluble in water - SO, when you add it to aqueous acid, it only reacts with the acid - hence when all the acid has been reacted with, you see the excess magnesium
HOWEVER, with APS, as they are soluble in water, when you add them to aqueous acid, they react with the acid, HOWEVER, they ALSO dissolve in the water - SO you can’t add just enough metal to neutralise the acid
SO, you mix a solution of the metal with a solution of the acid

24
Q

how do u figure out how much u need to neutralise

A

To figure out how much of each solution is needed for complete neutralisation, we use titration

25
Q

when making sodium sulfate crystals, what indicator do u use

A

When making sodium sulfate crystals we use methyl orange - red in acidic solutions and yellow in alkaline solutions - orange is neutral

26
Q

why is copper sulfate blue rather than white

A

Copper sulfate solution is blue as it contains hydrous copper sulfate

27
Q

why should u use crystallisation instead of evaporation to obtain blue crystals

A

In the process of obtaining these blue crystals, you must use crystallisation instead of evaporation as if you let all the water evaporate off, it forms anhydrous copper sulfate which is white

28
Q

what is the symbol equation for hydrous copper sulfate

A

The symbol symbol of this is:
CuSO4 (aq) + 5H2O(l) –> CuSO4.H2O(s) (got goes in the middle not the bottom)
Crystalisation reaction for magnesium sulfate:

29
Q

tell me about ammonium crystals

A

Ammonium sulfate crystals:
NH3 + H2SO4 –> (NH4)2SO4
Unlike the metal crystals, ammonium sulfate crystals don’t undergo water of crystallisation
To make insoluble salts, you mix two soluble solutions together
For silver chloride (an insoluble salt), you mix silver nitrate and sodium chloride
This is a precipitation
precipitate = a solid formed from a chemical reaction that has liquids or gases
In this reaction, the silver chloride is the precipitate

30
Q

equation to make silver cchloride

A

AgNO3(aq)+NaCl(aq–>AqCl(s)+NANO3(aq)

31
Q

why is silver chloride a precipitate

A

Ionic compounds dissociate in water (separate). SO, when you mix two aqueous solutions, sometimes a precipitate can form
The attraction between silver ions and chloride ions is so strong that the ions stick together even in water, forming a precipitate

32
Q

what is an example of precipitation reaction

A

For silver chloride (an insoluble salt), you mix silver nitrate and sodium chloride
This is a precipitation, In this reaction, the silver chloride is the precipitate

33
Q

define a precipitate

A

precipitate = a solid formed from a chemical reaction that has liquids or gases

34
Q

What is the process of making salts when part ofthe salt is ammonium, potassium or sodium salts?

A

you mix a metal + an acid
add the metal to the acid until you see unreacted metal residue
filter ou any unreacted metal
heat the solution slowly and the leave to dr

35
Q

What is the process of making salts when it is NOT an ammonium, potassium, or sodium salt?

A

mix and acid with an alkali
add an indicator to monitor when the solution has neutralised
when it has neturalised
you then heat the solution until the crystals form and are then left to dry

36
Q

whats the equation to make barium sulfate

A

Ba(NO3)2+K2SO4—>BaSO4 + 2KN03

37
Q

what is arhnius theory

A

Arrhenius theory = acid produces H+ in solution and alkali produces OH- in solution

38
Q

what is bronsted-lowry theory

A

Bronsted-Lowry Theory:
an acid is a proton donor

39
Q

what is an alkali

A

Proton = H+ ion
an alkali is a proton doner
H2O + HCl –> H3O+ (aq) + Cl-

40
Q
A

Chemistry (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions