The growth of tension in Europe, 1905-14 Flashcards
What was the first Moroccan crisis, 1905-6
When France lost Alsace-Lorraine they started trading in Morocco for minerals. France and Britain agreed that France would have a mandate over Morocco and in return France would give up any remaining interests they had in Egypt leaving it to Britain. Kaiser assured Sultan Aziz of Germany’s support and encouraged him to resist France. Kaiser went to Morrocco to prove his support and interest in North Africa. This angered France and Britain, the British government made it obvious that they would not tolerate Germany interfering in Morocco. They were afraid that Germany might be able to set up a naval base in one of Morocco’s ports.
The second Moroccan crisis, 1911-12
In March 1911 there was more trouble in Morocco. Rebel tribes once again rose up against the sultan and surrounded Fez. France sent a small group of soldiers to Fez, to protect the sultan and Fez. Germany believed that France had deliberately encouraged a tribal revolt so that they could send troops to occupy Morocco. A German gunboat was sent to Morocco, the SMS Panther. Germany said that this was to protect the German people living in Morocco. The French sent in more troops and in the end, so did Britain.
What were the effects of the two crisis
British support for France further strengthened the Triple Entente.
The division between the two groups increased.
The Bosnian crisis 1908-9
Austria-Hungary annexed the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This had an immediate effect, The king of Serbia claimed that the two provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina should belong to Serbia. This was because most people living in the two provinces were Serbs. Serbia sent a formal protest.
Russia supported Serbia and protested against Austria-Hungary.
Germany stepped into the row and made it obvious that it supported Austria-Hungary.
The First Balkan War 1912-13
The kings of Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia joined together in the Balkan league. The aim to force Turkey out of Europe.
Short and bloody
6 months and it was over
The Turkish troops could not compete with the combined armies of the Balkan states and after 50 days of actual fighting they surrendered, at the peace conference held in London, Turkey agreed to give up all their land in Europe. It was shared between the four countries of the Blakna Leugue.
Aim of the Balkan war
Balkan league aimed to force Turkey out of Europe.
The second Balkan War 1913
King of Bulgaria was not satisfied with the way in which Turkeys European lands had been divided up between the Blaknan league. A month after the peace conference he ordered his troops to attack Serbia and Greece. Serbian and Greek armies invaded Bulgaria, helped by Romania. The fighting ended and Bulgaria had to give up some land that it had gained, most of which went to Serbia.
Results of the Balkan Wars
Serbia doubled in size
The Serbs in Bosnia-Herzegovina grew increasingly anxious and wanted to join Serbia
Austria Hungary was determined to control Serbia.
Bulgaria was determined to take revenge on Serbia.
Aim of the black hand
Unite all Serbs outside Serbia who were ruled by Austria Hungary.
Why did archduke Franz Ferdinand go to Bosnia
Tensions in the Blacks were rising and activities of the Black hand worried the Austro-Hungarian government. The government decided that the archduke should make an official visit to Bosnia.
Murderer of the Archduke
Gavrilo Princip
First Moroccan crisis start Second Moroccan crisis start Bosnian crisis start First Balkan war start Second Balkan war start
- France traded in Morocco, France would have a mandate over Morocco.
- Rebel; tribes rose up again and surrounded the Fez, France sent soldiers to Morocco. SMS Panther.
- AH annexed the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, King of Serbia claimed the provinces should belong to Serbia.
- Balkan League was set up to force Turkey out of Europe, peace conference. Turkey land is divided up.
- King of Bulgaria is not happy with the way land has been divided. Invaded Serbia and Greece, failed and land divided up.
