Nazi Germany 3 Flashcards
Why did the NAzis restrict women’s lives
Because in the nazi eye, a woman’s most important function was to bear children, preferably boys
What were the marriage loans
If a couple took out a loan and then had a baby, the repayment of the loan was cut by a quarter, this was to increase the birth rate.
What happened to women who were ‘unfit’ to have children
Were sterilised-classed as unfit.
What was the group for women in Nazi Germany called
The Women’s Enterprise.
What did the women’s enterprise do
Trained young women in parenting skills and household tasks.
What were women told to stay to
Kinder, Kirche and Kuche- children, church and kitchen
What happened between Hitler and the catholic church
Hitler signed an agreement with the pope which said the NAzis would not interfere with the Catholic church and in return, the pope ordered bishops to take an oath of loyalty to Hitler.
Hitler had no intention of keeping this agreement and church schools were shut down. The nazis started to arrest priests and placed them in concentration camps.
What happened between the NAzis and the Protestant church
Under Nazi pressure, the protestant church agreed to unite and form a ‘Reich church’. Thye elected a NAzi as their leader and expelled non-Aryan pastors. The keenest called themselves the German Christians and wore Nazi uniforms.
What happened to other religions who did not agree with the NAzis and refused to serve the army
Were killed in concentration camps
Who was Doctor Joseph Goebbels
led the department of public propaganda and enlioghtenment.-controlling opinions and beliefs.
What did Goebbels do to the press
He made sure the press put across NAzi views, non-nazi newspapers were taken over by NAzi publishing companys.
What did Goebbels do to radio stations
All radio stations were brought under Nazi control, allowing the NAzis to broadcast ideas and beliefs.
What other things did Goebbels organise to increase the loyalty of others to the party
Rallies and campaigns
What did Goebbels do to restrict free expression
He used censorship to control people’s thoughts, books were censored.- Books written by Jews and communists were thrown on the bonfire. Entertainment and culture were censored such as jazz music because it had been created by black people.
Why was Goebbels’s propaganda so effective
Due to his ability to put out propaganda on a national scale.
What were Hitlers three aims in his dealings with other countries
Get back the land taken from Germany in 1919. Unite all German-speaking people in one country. And also gain land for Germany.
How was the Saarland returned under German control
After fifteen years of being under French rule, its people could vote to stay under league control, become French or return to German control. 9/10 voted to belong to Germany
What was the Saarland
It was one of Germany’s most important coal-producing areas. Through the treaty of Versailles is had been put under the league of nations’ control and let the French-run its coal mines.
How did Hitler remilitarise the Rhineland?
The treaty of Versailles left the Rhineland as a demilitarized zone. Many Germans hated this because it hurt their national pride and it left their country open to attack. Hitler therefore in 1936, sent 32,000 troops into the Rheinland.
How did the French and the British respond to Hitler remilitarizing the Rhineland?
The French were going through a political crisis at the time and the British felt that Germany was simply entering its own back garden. Neither wanted to go to war over the Rhineland.
Why did Hitler want to take over Austria
Because it was forbidden by the treaty of Versailles.
How did Hitler take over Austria
He ordered the Austrian Nazi party to stage violent demonstrations and let off bombs to make it look as if the Austrian government could not control the country. Hitler, therefore, sent the German army into Austria to restore order. The Austrian leader protested and made every effort to stop Hitler but failed and resigned. An Austrian NAzi took his place and immediately asked Hitler to send troops into Austria to restore order.
What was the Sudetenland
An area of Czechoslovakia, where three million German-speaking people lived.
How did Hitler take over the Sudetenland
He set up a Nazi-style party there and ordered them to stage riots and demonstrations to show that the Czechs could not control the Sudetenland. Therefore Hitler sent in troops and the British and French said that the Czechs should hand over the land.
How did Hitler bring the provinces of Bohemia and Moravia under his control?
Hitler claimed that the Germans in Bohemia and Moravia were being ill-treated by the Czechs. Hitler threatened to bomb Prague if the leader of the Czechs did not allow the German army to occupy the provinces. The president gave in to his demand
Why did Hitler want the Polish corridor and why was the Polish corridor taken away from the Germans
Hitler wanted it because it divided Germany in two. The treaty of Versailles gave the land to Poland so they could reach the ports on the Baltic sea.
What were Hitler’s actions with the Polish corridor
Hitler ordered the building of a railway across the Polish corridor. British and French gave Poland a guarantee to protect them from any German attack. Hitler ordered a full-scale invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939.
When did Britain and France declare war on Germany
3rd September 1939
How did France fall to Germany
He defeated the French army and forced the British army to retreat to Dunkirk and flee. On 22 June France surrendered and was divided into two. northern France was occupied by the Germans and Southern France remained independent but was ruled by a pro-German government.
What were the ‘mercy killings’
Hitler ordered the use of euthanasia, for incurably ill patients in hospitals. After the SS carried out ‘mercy killings’ in polish mental hospitals.
What were Hitler’s actions with Ghettos and the jews
Jews in Poland were made to live in Ghettos, which were walled off areas of town and cities which they were not allowed to leave. Many Jews starved to death over the next four years.
What were the special action groups?
The SS followed the German army into the soviet union and killed Jews in every captured village or town. THey rounded them up and made them strip naked. They also locked them in lorries and pumped carbon monoxide gas into the lorry.
What was the final solution
The Nazi leaders met at Wannsee, near Berlin, to discuss the final solution to the Jewish problem. They decided the murder every Jew in Europe. Either by working them to death or execution. By 1945 as a result, 6 million Jewish people had been murdered.
Upon arrival at concentration camps what would happen
Prisoners were divided into two groups: those who were to work and build factories and those who were to go to ‘shower rooms’
How did Jews resist
In the ghettos the Jews organised resistance, the greatest activity was in the warsaw ghetto when several hundred Jews with pistols and petrol bombs tried to halt them. In the end, killing 5,000 jews.
How did the war affect civilians in Germany
Many things like food were in short supply, mainly because Germany was cutting imports from other countries in order to be self-sufficient.
What did the British do bombing wise
The RAF bombed whole towns and cities because it was hard to find the military targets and factories.
What were the effects of the bombings on Germany
The bombings made millions of people homeless and many became refugees. Many were transported into appalling conditions in Germany and many died of col, hunger, disease and exhaustion.
What were the actions of Hitler’s left-wing oppositions
Spys like the Red orchestra passed military information to the Soviet army and some carried out strikes and encouraged soldiers to desert from the army.
What were the actions of Hitler’s conservative opposition
Held secret meetings and worked out a plan for governing Germany after Hitler had been overthrown.
What were the actions of Hitler’s youth opposition
Distributed leaflets placed on posters and graffiti walls.
What happened in the Soviet Union in the war
Germany lost a year-long battle for control of Stalingrad, they started to retreat in February 1943
What helped boost Britain in the war
USA joined the war on Britain’s side and they arrived in North America and halted Germany’s retreat, then they invaded Italy and Italy surrendered and Germany stayed fighting alone.
Why did Germany surrender
Germany came under attack from Northern France with the D-day landings, meanwhile being attacked by air. Therefore Germany could not win the war. Hitler killed himself.
What happened to the Nazi leaders after the war
Thousands were put on trial for crimes against humanity and some were hanged and many jailed. Nazy party was made illegal and Germans had to fill out a detailed questionnaire about their past in order to reveal people who had a Nazi background. School books containing Nazi ideas were destroyed and a new curriculum was written, and people were re-educated. The allied authorities took over radio and films to put across democratic views.
