The Great War

Question 1

What were the 4 underlying causes of the Great War

Answer 1

1 Nationalism
2 imperialism
3 militarism
4 alliances

Question 2

How did Nationalism lead to the Great War

Answer 2

The belief that your country is better than others made made nations aggressive

Question 3

How did imperialism lead to the Great War

Answer 3

The desire to conquer colonies esp in Africa brought European powers into conflict- eg Germany wanted an empire like Britain and France

Question 4

How did militarism lead to the Great War

Answer 4

Building larger armies and navies gave nations the will and power to make war

Question 5

How did alliances lead to the Great War

Answer 5

1882 - Germany, Austria = Hungary and Italy for triple alliance
So 1907 France Britain and Russia joined together as the trip,e entente.
Europe divided into 2 camps so if there was a war then no one could stop it

Question 6

How did the war start?

Answer 6

1. 28 June 1914 archduke franz Ferdinand shot in Sarajevo by Serbian terrorist Gavrilo Princip
2. July 5 Austrian asks Germany for support if Russia supports Serbia - Germany agrees -blank cheque of support
3. July 23 - Austrian gives sends Serbia and ultimatum
   4.july 25 - Serbia accept ultimatum but not Austrian police in Serbia
4. July 28 - AH declares war on Serbia
5. July 30 = Russian army mobilised
   7 August 1- Germany declares war on Russia
6. 3 August - Germany declares war on France and attacks Belgium in schlieffen plan
   9: August 4- Britain honours agreement of 1839 to defen Belgium and declares war on Germany

Question 7

What was trench war fare like?

Answer 7

Monotonous-cleaning weapons, repairing trenches, moving dead and injured and supplies
Bad conditions - soldiers got trench foot
Frontline soldiers advanced over nomansland facing barbed wire and enemy fire
Constant shelling - mental illness called shell shock
Many died - weapons got more dangerous, machine guns, tanks,poison gas

Question 8

The war had 5 phases - what were they?

Answer 8

1. War of movement - August to September 1914
2. Race to the sea- September to November 1914
3. Stalemate - 1915
4. War of attrition-1916-1918
5. The end of the war

Question 9

What was the war of movement?

Answer 9

Germany invaded France but stopped at Marne September 1914
British expeditionary force stopped Germans at Mons 23 Aug1914
Russia invade Germany but destroyed at Tannenberg August 1914

Question 10

What was the race to the sea

Answer 10

Western front - both sides dug trenches from Switzerland to channel
400 miles

Question 11

What was the stalemate the

Answer 11

Neither side could defeat the other
Attacks on Germans led to huge casualties
Britain tried to open 2nd front in turkey at Gallipoli-failed

Question 12

What was the war of attrition

Answer 12

Wearing each other out -huge battles Verdun, Somme, passchendaele
Battles lasted months
Millions killed and wounded
New weapons tanks, planes, gas didn’t have much effect
Terrible conditions
British blockade German ports to try to starve Germany
October 1918 revolution in Russia
German Unitas sank British ships to starve British
Angered Americans
German zeppelins and gothe planes bomb London

Question 13

How did the war end

Answer 13

1america entered war 1917
March 1918 Germans launched operation Michael as last attempt to win
8 August German armies Black Day as their attack defeated
Allies push Germans back
Ceasefire of armistice at 11am on 11/11/1918