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History 9 > Grand alliance collapses and early Cold War tensions > Flashcards

Grand alliance collapses and early Cold War tensions Flashcards

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1
Q

Who are the three important leaders and who decided the division of Europe at the end of WW2?

A

Winston Churchill
Joseph Stalin
Franklin Roosevelt

They led the 3 countries that made up the grand alliance united against Germany
When Germany losing the war the alliance became uneasy

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2
Q

What did Churchill believe?

A

He hated communism and Stalin.
He wanted to stop communism spreading into Eastern Europe.
However he would do a deal with Stalin to defeat Hitler.

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3
Q

What did Stalin believe?

A

He thought Churchill and Roosevelt wanted to destroy communism.
His deal with Hitler in 1938 backfired so needed U.S.A and UK.
He was suspicious of the both.
He was angry that USA used atomic bombs without telling allies

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4
Q

What did Roosevelt believe?

A

He didn’t believe in communism.
He needed Stalin to help against Hitler and Japan.
He wanted peace and needed Stalin to achieve that.

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5
Q

What did communists believe?

A

All properties should belong to the state so everyone had a fair share.
USSR is communist.

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6
Q

What did capitalists believe?

A

Everyone should be free to own property and make money.

U.S.A is capitalist.

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7
Q

What were the three main conferences in the war?

A

Tehran, 1943
Yalta, February 1945
Potsdam, July 1945

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8
Q

Who was at Tehran and what was decided?

A 
Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill.
Second front to open in France May 1944.
USSR to enter war v Japan.
United Nations to start.
USSR to take east Poland.
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9
Q

Who was at Yalta and what was decided?

A 
Stain, Roosevelt and Churchill.
Declaration of liberated Europe.
USSR to fight Japan after Germany beaten.
Germany and Berlin divided into four.
Free elections in Germany.
Hunt nazi war criminals.
Set up U.N.
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10
Q

Who was at Potsdam and what was decided?

A 
Stalin, Truman and Churchill.
Divide Germany and Berlin into four.
Germany to pay reparations.
Nazis band.
Poland border moved west.
Full U.N participation.
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11
Q

What effect did the atom bomb have?

A
  1. Ended war v Japan
  2. Made Truman strong as only U.S had bomb
  3. Stalin wants to defend USSR with buffer
  4. Allied countries more secure with U.S protection
  5. Cold tensions increased
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12
Q

Where were the two atomic bombs dropped?

A

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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13
Q

What are satellite states?

A

A state that is officially independent but is controlled by other countries.

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14
Q

Give examples of satellite states of USSR?

A 
Romania 
Czech Republic 
Latvia 
Belarus 
Estonia 
Ukraine 
Yugoslavia
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15
Q
  1. What did the Long telegram say?

2. What did the Novikov telegram say?

A
  1. It said that Stalin wanted to destroy capitalism and that he saw everyone outside the Soviet Union wanted to destroy communism.
  2. It said U.S.A want to dominate the world.
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16
Q

What was the Truman doctrine?

A

The world must choose between capitalism and communism.
The U.S.A must fight for freedom and democracy.
U.S will help any country threatened by communism.
It wants to stop communism spreading.

17
Q

What reasons did Truman have to fear USSR?

A
  1. Europe was destroyed by WW2.
  2. Europe was vulnerable if USSR came strong again.
  3. USSR wanted communism throughout Europe.
  4. While USSR still weak, Truman would show U.S.A was stronger.
18
Q

What was the Marshall plan?

A
  1. Plan to rebuild Germany and Europe
  2. Part of the Truman doctrine
  3. U.S.A gave Europe 25.7 billion dollars
  4. Stalin would not allow countries behind the ‘Iron curtain’ to receive aid
19
Q

What are the consequences of Truman doctrine/Marshall plan.

A
  1. The grand alliance was gone
  2. The Soviet’s called the Marshall plan dollar imperialism
  3. Stalin’s suspicions re-enforced - countries in his sphere of influence refused Marshall Aid, although Yugoslavia did apply
  4. Europe was now divided into east and west
  5. For the next 50 years both sides became intense rivals
20
Q

What was the ‘Iron Curtain’

A

The divide between Western Europe and the satellite states.
Churchill said “ from Stettin in the Baltic into Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent “

History 9 (11 decks)

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