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Russian History > The Great Terror 1932-1938 > Flashcards

The Great Terror 1932-1938 Flashcards

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1
Q

who were expelled from the party in 1927?

A

Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev

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2
Q

when was the trial of sixteen and who did it involve?

A

1936, Kamenev and Zinoviev

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3
Q

when was the trial of seventeen and who did it involve?

A

1937, Trotsky’s former allies, Pyatakov, Radek and, Sokolnikov

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4
Q

when was the trial of twenty-one and who did it involve?

A

1938, Bukharin, Rykov, Yagoda and, Tomsky

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5
Q

when was the military purge and who was purged?

A

1937, 11 war commissars and 50% of officer corps

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6
Q

what was the purpose of the purges in theory?

A

cleanse the party of careerists and those who were not committed to the ideals of communism

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7
Q

why was desire for rapid industrialisation a cause of the purge?

A

the central party was having trouble getting local party secretaries to implement policies

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8
Q

how was rapid industrialisation as a cause for the purge demonstrated?

A

by 1933, 22% of party members had lost their party cards

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9
Q

how was the Ryutin platform a cause of the purge?

A

showed growing opposition to Stalin’s leadership at high levels. Ryutin released 200 page document critical of Stalin to the central committee

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10
Q

how was the Ryutin platform as a cause of the purge demonstrated?

A

Stalin wanted Ryutin executed in 1932 but was opposed by members of the party, showing his power was not secure.

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11
Q

what was stalin unable to do in 1932 which showed his power was not secure?

A

he was unable to have Ryutin executed

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12
Q

what happened at the congress of victors?

A

congress voted to select the central committee, Kirov recieved more votes that Stalin, so they were both given title secretary of equal rank. Stalin was not secure in his power

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13
Q

what did terror economics allow stalin to do?

A

blame economic problems on political enemies (wreckers)

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14
Q

how did terror allow for reservoir of cheap labour?

A

majority of purged sent to gulags

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15
Q

what were the Shakhy trials?

A

trials of industrial specialists from middle class/ foreign backgrounds. they were accused of sabotage, spying or anti-socialism

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16
Q

how did stalin attempt to exclude Kirov from the politburo?

A

insisting he stay in Leningrad. in 1934 he was murdered

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17
Q

who was accused of murdering Kirov?

A

Nikolayev, who was said to be working with Trotskiete terror group

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18
Q

what was Stalin paranoid off?

A
  1. those in his party
  2. old communists (Lenin supporters and pre war members)
  3. feared ref army and secret police
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19
Q

how many were arrested in the great terror?

A

7 to 8 million

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20
Q

how many were executed in the great terror?

A

around 1.5 million

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21
Q

what was the population of labour camps in the 1930s?

A

7 to 8 million

22
Q

how many died in camps?

A

7 million

23
Q

how many died in the great famine?

A

7 million

24
Q

what happened to wives of purged party officals?

A

arrested alongside their husbands

25
Q

what happened to children of those purges?

A
  1. older children arrested
  2. expelled from university
  3. subject to ritual humiliation from teachers and peers
  4. expected to disown parents
26
Q

which senior military officers were purged?

A
  1. Tukhachevsky, chief of the general staff and 7 other war heros
  2. 11 war commissars
  3. all admirals commanding fleets and their replacements
27
Q

who in the NKVD purged?

A
  1. Yagdo arrested in 1937

2. 23,000 NKVD perished by end of 1930s

28
Q

what were the economic impacts of the terror?

A
  1. removed wreckers and saboteurs
  2. people compelled to lie about economic facts so they met target and not get arrested, making 5 year plans impossible to plan effectivly
  3. purges within gosplan eliminated many of most experienced economic planners
29
Q

what happened in Donbas, Ukraine?

A
  1. 1929, region accounted for 77% of coal production
  2. 1936-38, over a quater of management purged
  3. rate of coal production fell dramatically.
30
Q

Why was the army purged after 1937?

A

in May a conspiricay was uncovered

31
Q

Who was the Chief of general staff who was arrested and shot?

A

Tukhachevsky

32
Q

who in the army was purged?

A
  1. Tukhachevsky
  2. all 11 war commissars
  3. 3/5 marshals
  4. 14 of the 16 army commanders
  5. 35,000 of the officer corp
33
Q

What proportion of the population were arrested during the Yezhovschina?

A

1/8

34
Q

who of the original central committee of 1917 remained in 1938?

A

only Stalin of the orginal 24

35
Q

What happenned between 1937 and 1939 in Georgia?

A
  1. 2 state primeminsters removed
  2. 4/5 party secretaries removed
  3. 1000s of lesser officers lost their posts
36
Q

what were the political impacts of the terror?

A
  1. show trails showed those who opposed stalin was corrupt

2. divert peoples attention from hardship

37
Q

How were people’s attention diverted from hardship with populist terror?

A

little people holding their bosses accountable with local show trails

38
Q

what proporation of the central committee elected at the 17th party congress were arrested or shot?

A

98 out of 139

39
Q

what was under the control of the NKVD when Stalin centralised all law enforement agencies in 1934?

A
  1. The civillian police
  2. the secret police
  3. labour camp guards
  4. border guards
40
Q

What act followed the murder of Kirov?

A

Decree against Terrorist Act

41
Q

What happened as a result of the Decree against Terrorist Act?

A

Claimed murder of Kirov was organised by Trotskyites and hence their was a large scale round up of suspected conspirators

42
Q

What was the purpose of the Stalin Constitution?

A

It was intended to impress western communist and soviet sympathisers

43
Q

When was the Stalin Constitution?

A

1936

44
Q

What was the role of the party as stated in the Stalin Constitution?

A

the role of the party was hardly mentioned, hence its powers were not defined and so not restricted

45
Q

When was the Yezhovschina?

A

1938

46
Q

What are the causes of the great terror?

A
  1. political opposition
  2. stalin’s paranoia
  3. economic reasons
  4. murder of Kirov
47
Q

What happened with regards to the civil rights promised in the Stalin Constitution?

A

They were largely ignored

48
Q

What was NKVD order No.0047?

A

an order demanding the removal of ‘anti-soviet elements’ from russian society

49
Q

When was NKVD order No.0047 issued?

A

July 1937

50
Q

When were set up due to NKVD order No.0047?

A

small NKVD committees were set up at regional levels as well as at republic level to search out ‘former kulaks, criminals, and other anti-Soviet elements’

51
Q

What are the alternative explanations for the Terror besides Stalin being personally responsible? (5)

A
  1. terror was an intergal part of the communist system as established by Lenin in the civil war
  2. terror was necessary for economic change
  3. terror was the work of over zealous officals in provinces
  4. terror was a response to the real threat of a military coup involving the Germans
  5. terror was self escalating, used by people to settle old scores

Russian History (16 decks)

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